tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61369450001363406122024-02-20T14:39:54.299-08:00AF-HAANEEDKA SOOMAALIGA[QEEXAALKA GUUD]
AF: WAA EREYO, DHAWAQ LEH, DHADHAN LEH, DHISMAYN LEH.
Waa maxay af-haaneed? Ma af kaloo cusub baa? Haddii afku ereyo yahay, ma ereyo Soomaali ah oo cusub baa? Afafka kale ma leeyihiin wax lagu magacaabo af-haaneed?Seid Abdillahi Abdihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06636086847076821915noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6136945000136340612.post-51577761676343684532023-10-25T23:13:00.000-07:002023-10-25T23:13:49.428-07:00Gareefnaan [ Grammarly]<p> GAREEFNAAN [ Grammarly]</p><p>Gareefku wuxuu kaa caawiyaa, hadashada hadalka ama se fahamka hadalka, labadaba hadlaha iyo lala hadlahaba, waa u lama huraan, inay garansanaadaan, gareefka, oo ah qodobada iyo xeerarka u degsan, ku hadalka Soomaaliga. Haddii garansannaanta ereyada laqadka aad hadlayso ay kugu yaryihiin, waxaad noqonaysaa qof cabudhsan oo ku diiqadoonaya ku-hadalka laqadka aad hadlayso, Tusaale:- * Dad badan baa markay sheegayaan aan kala soocin, DILIS & GARAACIS. Dilis waxay ku quman tahay kolka qudha laga saaro, taasoo dhimasho geyeysiisa qofka falku ku dhacayo, halka garaacid ay ku macno leedahay, feedh la dhac, ul la dhac, dhirbaaxyeyn iwm. Laqadka waxaa loo adeegsadaa WAXSHEEG kaas oo ay ugu horayso inaad ku IFAALLEYN karto DOOC & DAREEN. Doocyadu waa shantaada waxdooc waxa ay doocan yihiin, aragga, maqalka, urinta, dhadhaminta, dubaaxda diirka ama oogada jidhka taabsasho laga doocdo. Dareenku waa maaxatooyinka sida ciilka cadhada,murugada faraxa, riyaaqa, miliilicashada ,dhamaan bogaaddo iyo guhaadaba. Markale waxaa laqadka loo adeegsadaa SIFAALLEYNTA: Waxa lagu sifaalleeyaa SI, SUMAD, SANSAAN, SINJI /SOWRAC, adigoo adeegsanaaya ereyada laqadka ka helmoon ee sitaamaynaaya sisabayaalshaas. Aftahamo ayuu qofku yeelshaa marka uu balaadhiyo garansannaanta ereyo badan oo laqadku leeyahay, halkaasoo uu ku deexan karo waxsheeg badan, ama uu hanankaro malkada ah ,inuu yahay sheekar. Gareefku waa gardhaha ama qqaanuunka uu laqadku leeyahay, ee kugu hagaaya, kala xulashada ereyada ku kala habboon, kolba waxsheeggaaga. Waxa ugu horeeya QODOBADA Soomaaliga, oo la dhaho Todobada Lamaanaada ged-ahaan: 1- A/U [ Sida WAX-A/ WAX-U] : Qodobka A: Waa qodob raaca magacyada aan lab iyo dhedig toona loo kala saarin ee la dhihi karo waa BAYOOX[NEUTRAL ] . Marka la tiraabayo waxsheegan oo kaleeto " Wax-a uu cunay rooti" / "Wax-a ay cuntay rooti" - Halkan UU iyo AY ayaa kala tiraabaynaysa labada jender ee wax cunay, balse wixii la cunay ma kala jenderna, lab iyo dhedig . Qodobka a ee ku dibkabma magacaabnaanta WAX waa bayoox. Ereyga GABADH-A in walboo gabadh loo garanaayo dhedig haddana waxaa ku dib kabma qodobka bayooxa ah. Kolka ay gabadh tahay FALOOGE [ Subject] Waxa qodobkii A uu u gedbismayaa U: " Gabadhu way hadlaysaa" - Saas aynu xusnay baa qodobka bayooxa ah uu laba ged ku yeelshaa oo kala ah A & U. Waxa qodobada lamaanaada ee hadhsan ay kula safmaan seddex raaca magacyada lab 2- KA/KU 3- GA/GU 4-HA/HU waxa labada ged u kala gedbinayaaana waa FALOOGEnimada . Tusaaleyaal: 2.1- "Qofka raba inuu hadlo ha iga fasax qaato" - " Qofku hadduu hadlayo waa in la dhegaystaa" -- Labadan ged ee marna la raaciyay QOF-KA waa magacaabid marka kalana waa tiraabid loo tixgelinaayo inuu isagu faloogenimo ku hogaaminaayo weedha. 3.1- "Arag-ga ayaa ugu muhiimsan waxdoocyada" - waa waxhseeg magacaabid ah oo magacaabaya ARAG-GA. Haddiise weedhu ku bilaabanto " ARRAG-GU waa sii tiraabnaan xog dheeraad ah kaa siinaysa saabsanaha taas oo ah gedda faloogenimo ee aragga.---" Arrag-gu aad buu muhiim u yahay" [ Kolkan waa wax-arragii faloogenimadiisii waxa la tiraabayaa].4.1- "Biya-ha waxaa ku nool adeentida " [ U fiirso cidda faloogenimada wadataa ee weedhu dirgan tahay waa adeentida iyagu ku nool biyaha] 4.2- " Biyu-hu waa loogama maarmaan nafta " Halkan na waxa gedda labaad ee qodobka -HU ay tiraabayaan tarka faloogenimo ee biyaha. Intaas waa seddexda qodob ee raaca labka oo noqda kuwo laba gedlayaal ah. Waxa xiga seddexda dhedigan oo iyaguna gedo lamaan leh, 5- TA/TU: 5.1- " Bir-ta waa la tumaa si loo jinjimo" [ waa magacaabnaanta waxa bir la dhaho] 5.2- "Bir-tu kulaylka dabkay ku dhalaashaa" [ waa waxsheeg u sifo laabanaaya saabsanihii birta ahaa] haddii la dhaho " Birta kulaylka dabkay ku dhalaashaa" / Waxa ka gareefnaan toosan " Birtu Kulaylka Dabkay Ku Dhalaashaa" . 6- DA/DU : 6.1- Marka aan dhaho "Bad-da " [ waan ku joogi karaa intaas gareef-ahaan ] balse 6.2- Marka aan dhaho " Bad-du ....waxaa la sugayaa xog raacsanaanaysa ..." Bad-du inay madowdahay biya tahay ma moog tahay" : 7- SHA/SHU.."Meel-sha ..." [ waa waxsheeg iskii u dhan oo lagu joogi karo] Haddii se aan dhaho " Meel-shu....." waa inaan faallada ku daraa inta ka dhiman " Meel-shu dulin bay leedahay" - Haddaad dhahdo " Meel-sha Dulin bay leedahay " Ma GAREEFNA.</p>Seid Abdillahi Abdihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06636086847076821915noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6136945000136340612.post-28796799517581682402020-02-01T16:29:00.015-08:002023-04-27T18:58:02.615-07:00DAWLAD[MEDIUM]- MIDAL[STATE] -GOVERNMENT[Talamaamul]<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><i>DAWLAD = MEDIUM : MIDAL=STATE : TALAMAAMUL = GOVERNMENT</i></b><br />
Fadaljeerka Waxbarasho Ee Soomaalida: [ History Of Somali Education]<br />
Manhaj = Tubdhan = Syllabus<br />
Muqqarar = Ardhan = Curriculum<br />
<b>SOOJIREENNIMADA:</b><br />
Taniyo intii Soomaalidu soo jirtay oo ku siman xilli duugdheer oo aan inoo lahayn cabiraad xilli oo sugan, ama se aan inoo lahayn HILAAD-TUS [ Calendar] , ka soo bilaabmaya taniyo , goortii Soomaalidu jiritaan yeelatay, sida aan soo xusnay aan inoo cabirnayn. Waxa Soomaalidu isbidaa, inay jireen taniyo intii ka danbaysay uumitaankii Nabiy Aadam la uumay Calayhih Salaam: Oo ahaa abkowgii dhalay sinjiga Soomaalida iyo sinjiyadaha kaleeto ee dunida ku dhaqan. Soomaaligu wuxuu isku hilaadiyaa, inaan looga duugdheerayn jiritaan Aadminimo, ama Aadmiga ka abuulmay Nabiy Aadam Calayhih Salaam. Sinjiga Soomaaligu waa hubaal inuu ka soo tafiirmay Abkow Aadam Iyo Xaawa-Xaayeer. Oo Soomaalidii hore dhihi jireen IRKOW = QOYSKOW[ IR =Qoys(IR = <i><b>Archiac Meaning Of Family</b></i>)] . Soomaaliga haddii aad hilaadiso, marka koowaad waxa uu sitaamoobayaa, inuu wax maalan jiray = SOO*MAALE! oo waxa uu dhaqdo ku saabsan ee uu maalan jiray, taasoo la hubo inuu Eebbeh ku manaystay Aadam iyo ubadkiisaba afarta maal adduun ee la dhaqdo ee kala ah : Ri'yo/Ido/Lo'/Geel. Haddii aynu fogaysano oo dhahno , Aadmigu ama se dadku kol danbe ayay barteen dhaqashada xoollaha, oo magacaasu u ifbaxay Soomaalida, waxa maragmadoonto ah, magaca Ssawm-Aaliy oo diin cuskan [ Marka Uu FarCarabida Qoran Yahay] , uu tusaalaynayaa, SSOWM - Ama Ummad SSAWM-ka ku dhaadata, oo ku bahoobay MILLADDA SSAWM-ka. [<i><b> KUTIBA CALAYKUM ALSSIYAAM KAMAA KUTUBA CALAL ALLADTIINA MIN QQABLIKUM</b></i>( Qqur'aanka) = Waxa La Idinku Faral Yeelay Ssawmka Sidii Uu Faral Ugu Ahaa Kuwii Idinka Horeeyayba] -SSAWM-ku wuxuu farnaa Abkowgeenii AADAM Iyo Ubadkiisiiba, taniyo goortaasna magacaas SSAWM-AAL waa uu soojiray. <b><u>Sida uuninimo</u></b>:[<i>The Natural Style Of Fasting</i>] ee SSAWM-ku u dhaqamaysan yahay dadka ee Soomaalida xer walba oo ay yihiin ku dhaadasho u ah waxa ka mida HABEENKII ama marka uu Aadmigu hurdo waxa u tirsan yahay sidii qof ssawman oo aan waxba <b>caayin</b>, cid<b> xamanin</b>, <b>denbi</b> aan samaynin aroortii marka uu tooso waxa la dhahaa AFUR!- Marka la soo tixguro Hawraaraha Taageersan ee lagu dhaadanaayo <b>Milladda Ssawmka</b> Waa Ay Badan Yihiin QQUR'AAN & AXAADIITH: Waxa se xer walba oo degaan walba oo Soomaali degto ku sugan ay jideeyaan: KA SSAWMANNAANTA XUMAANTA U AFURNAANTA WANAAGGA: Waxa murtiya oo dhahnaata "Magac Samaduu Ka Baxaa'ye!": Waxa dhaqan ahaan , tusaale kaleeto ah oo tilmaamaya ku dhaadashada MILLADDA SSAWM-ka: Marka uu qofka Soomaaligu tooso aroortii isaga oo hamuun gaajo qaba, waxa halxidhaale ah, AFUR oo ka dhigan CADAYO/RUMAYAYSO..Oo rumayga ama se cadayga ku AFBILOW!: AqalSoomaaliga waxa dhaadaalka lagu tiraabay inuu ka soo jeedo Xaawa&Aadam. Waxa ay ku kulmeen Buurta Carafa, ARDDALXIJAAZ, taasoo lagu yaqaano MARAASIM-ka XAJ-ka, inay ka mid tahay, waxa kaleeto oo Qqur'aanka ku tiraaban " <i><b>AWALA BAYTIN WUDDICA LILNAAS</b></i>!" : Maadaama, aan dadka tafiirtoodu ka horaynin Aadam & Xaawa, in aqalkii ugu horeeyay ee Eebbeh u taagay Aadmiga uu yahay "<i><b> Laladtii BI BAKAH(Makah)</b></i>". Sida la qiyaaso halkaasu waxay ahayd kolkaas dhul geedo, dhir, iyo baad ba leh. Waxa dhaadaalku tilmaamayaa, in Xaawa & Aadam kolkaas AqalSoomaaliga reer guuraa'nimo ay samaysteen oo ay ka samaysteen , geedihii kolkaas u helmoonaa, kaasoo taniyo berigaas la soo kala dhaxlaayay.<br />
Soomaalidii Abkow, waxa xigtay Soomaalidii Ablama Nuux Calayhih Salaam, oo ahaaday Abkii kol labaad laga soo tafiirmay: " <i><b>WA LAQQAD KARAMNAA BANII AADAMA ! WA XAMALNAAHUM FIL BARRI WAL BAXR!</b></i><b><i>"[Qqur'aan-ka]</i></b>..Aadmigii ugu horeeyay ee Minwaar laga bartay ama se sameeyay inuu ahaa Nabiy Nuux Calayhih Salaam. Ka dibkiis ayaa Aadmigu xirfadaas magaalinimo yeeshay , uu badaha ku dul sabaynaayo, iyagoo saaran minwaarro, ama se doonyo. Soomaalida oo ku astaysan degelweenka ay maantaba degaan, ayaa u socdaali jiray, dalalka bariga fog sida Shiinaha, iyo Hindiya. Soomaali badan oo ka socdaalay degelkooda ay haddaba degaan ayaa halkaas ku hadhsanaaday, oo dadyowgaas ay isku tafiirmeen. Qaar kaleetana waxay u socdaali jireen, xagaas iyo galbeedka oo ahayd Massar iyo ka sii durugsanba. Dadyowgaasna waa ay isku tafiirmeen Soomaalidii u socdaashay galbeedkaas ee kolkaas ku hadhsanaatay. Soomaalidu kolkaas waxa ay abtirsan jireen, <i><b>Soomaali-Abkow</b></i> iyo <i><b>Soomaali-Ablama</b></i>. Soomaalida shacabka la dhaho oo uu jacligooda lahaa Eebbeh sida uu Qqur'aanka ku xusay " <i><b>WA JACALNAAKUM SHUCUUBAN WA QQABAA'ILAA!</b></i>"..Qqaran walba ama se Shacab walba waxa horbaxay magacooda Shacabnimo ,ama se Qqarannimo..Kadib ayay sii kala ahaadaan Qolohaanno ama se Qqabaa'il. Qolohaannadu waxay kor tirsadaan ama se isku ahaadaan Qqaran magac leh, sida Soomaali. Abka ugu koreeya ee Abtirsiimada waxaa xigi jiray ABKOW[AADAM], kolna ABLAMA[NUUX]. Waxa xigay oo ABSEDDEXAAD Aadmiga uu lahaaday oo ah Nabiy Baraahiim Calayhih Salaam. Waa sugan yihiin Soomaali badan oo maanta ahtirsiimadoodu ku saljoogto Abkii-seddexaad-Baraahiim Calayhih Salaam.<br />
<b>WAXBARASHADA:</b><br />
Waxbarashooyinka ugu duugadheer ee dunida, waa waxbarashooyinka laga soo xigan jiray , Qoraallada Samaawiga ah, oo ahaa diraabo uu Eebbeh ku soo dejin jiray Rasuullo iyo Nabiyo. Soomaalidu kamay qadin cilmigaas, ama se kasmehaas. Shanta qoraal ee caanka ah waa ay soo gaadhi jireen Soomaalida, oo xer-xer ahaan jirtay. [<i><b>XER =Archiac Meaning Of SOCIETY or Religious Society or Religious Institution</b></i>]<br />
<b><i>1- SSUXUFU BARAAHIIM C.S.</i></b><br />
<b><i>2- TAWRAATU MUUSEH C.S.</i></b><br />
<b><i>3- ZABUURU DAA'UUD C.S.</i></b><br />
<b><i>4- INJIILU CIISEH C.S.</i></b><br />
<b><i>5- FURQQAANU MUXAMED C.SS.S.</i></b><br />
Waxaa ay Soomaalidu isku bahaysan jireen XERXER, xertaas oo lahaan jirtay Magac ay ku bahoobaan. Xer walba waxay tahay <b>HUWAAB DIINEED</b><i><b>[Religious Institution]</b></i> waxay lahayd ama leedahay <b>SHEEKH</b> u cumaamadan, <b>MURIID</b> tusaaya jidka toosan iyo anshaxa, <b>BUUNI</b> xogta iyo tacaaliimta xerta baahiya, <b>XIDAAR</b> ka fatwooda kolba xogta loo xiiso qabo, ama se loo baahan yahay.<br />
Sida xusan Diraabihii horeeto ee Eebbeh soo dejin jiray, dhawrsannaantoodu waa ay la'nayd oo waa ay maydhaanmi jireen, ama se taxriif baa gali jiray. Marka laga reebo DIRAABtan ugu danbaysay ee Nabiy Muxamed C.SS.S. AL-QQUR'AAN:[AL-FURQQAAN]- Diraabtan Soomaalidu kamay qadin waa mid ku soo gaadhay xer walba halka ay degel ku lahaayeen DIRIR, DIRQIS, iyo DAGAAL la'aan. Weli waa ay jiraan kasmeyaalsha laga barto XER, oo degelweenka Soomaalida weli waa ay u sugan yihiin XER-XER-tii. Haatan waad helaysaa XER laga barto kasmaha iyo aq-oonta iyagoo adeegsanaaya: FARCARABIDA, waxa ay xer walba Tacliimeeyaan: <b>1- Qqur'aan-ka 2- Xadiith-ka</b> <b>3- Qqassaa'id</b>. Xer walba waxay soo ifbixiyaan: <b>XAAFITT ALQQUR'AAN</b> - ahaada <b>IMAAM</b> ama se<b> Mucallim Qqur'aan</b>. Waxay soo ifbixin jireen XERTU <b>Qqaarri-Qqur'aan</b> , <b>WAACITT</b> wacdiyeen ah Xaga xerta qofkii doonaaya inuu xoollo dhaqdo waa loo fasaxaa : 1- Dhaqashada Idaha/ Ri'yaha/Lo'da/Geella. 2- Qofkii raba inuu Beer manfacsado 3- Qofkii raba inuu kalluumaysi iyo bad manfacsado. Xer waxaa ay xer kaleeto kaga horeeyaan sida Cilmi diinka laga barto, taasoo Eebbeh Cilmiga dadka uu gaadhsiiyay ku kala koreeyaan. "<i><b>WA YARFAC ALLAAHU ALLADTIINA AAMANUU MINKUM WALADTIINA UUTUL CILMA DARAJAAT</b></i>"[Qqur'aanka:Al-Mujaadalah 11] = <b>Oo Waxa Uu Eebbeh Sara U Qaadayaa Intiina Aamintay Iyo Kuwa Kasmaha Lahaaday ba Heerar!</b> Soomaalida maanta qaar badan baa ku tiirsan waxbarashooyinka laga helo xer.<br />
<b>Talamaamulyadii Reer Yurub:</b><br />
Xilligii Dhulbalaadhsiga lagu astaameeyay ee Reer Yurub dunida ku baaheen, waxa ay isbiyadiideen, Soomaalidii berigaas dhaqnayd. Oo lahaan jirtay waxbarasho Cilmi-Diiniya, taasoo maamullada reer Yurub ka warla'aayeen oo aanay waxba kaga biirin karin, ama se ka aradnaayeen. Soomaali badan baa ka dhiidhiday. Waxa ka mid ahaa 1- Axmed Guray 2- Maxamed Cabdalla Xasan 3- Sheekh Bashiir : Waxa Tubdhanka iyo Ardhanka Waxbarashada Haddeeran xasiliyay Maxmuud Axmed Caliy oo ka soo faa'idaystay waxbarashadii ka jirtay dalka Suudaan.<br />
Tubdhanka iyo Ardhanka waxbarashoda Haddeeran [ Modern Education ] waxa uu ku xasilmay in ardayda kolka hore la baro Qqur'aanka ka dibna ay galaan ISKUULADA ama se ISKOOLADA oo ay ku bartaan Cilmi-Maadiga kaasoo ah TAB ama se XIRFAD Magaalinimo oo ay kaga shaqaysan karaan magaallooyinka dhexdooda ama ba se dunida kaleeto.<br />
DUNIDA HADDEER [ Modern World ] : Waxaa Ka Soo Jiray Dunida DHULBALAADHSI kaasoo Soomaalidu ka bedbaaday, oo ay weli dhul daleedkoodii leeyihiin. 1960-kii ayaa Soomaalida haddeer ay maageen inay isla wada lahaadaan waxa lagu tiraabo DAWLAD si ay u barbar galaan Qqarannada ama se Qquruumaha Kaleeto ee adduunka ka jira. Ereytiraabka DAWLAD waa Mustdalix Carabiya [ Arabic Term] la Soomaaliyeeyay: Waxaa uu micnihiisu jeedefan yahay WAX DHEXAAD ay wada leeyihiin Soomaalidu oo ugu adeega BAAHIDA Magaalinimo Iyo Wada Dhaqnaan, Ismaamul,Iyo Isla Talo Lahaan: Murtidii horeeto ee Soomaalidu waxay tiraabtay<br />
" <i><b>Dad Waxaan Ku Maamuli Aqaan! </b></i><br />
<i><b>Ama Se Ku Maamuusi! </b></i><br />
<i><b>Maso Inaynu Nahay Oo! </b></i><br />
<i><b>Taladu Meerto Noo Tahay'e</b></i>"</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b>Tolliimo Meerto Noo Tahay'e</b>[ Tix Soomaali]:</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">XILKU WAA MEERTO ! [ Tiraab Dhahnaata!]</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">WAXMEERTO/HALDAAWO/MIIDHIYAM(MEDIUM) Intaas ba Xukuumad Amse Dawlad Ayaa Lagu Jeedefaa!<br />
Soomaalidu intii ay XER-XERta ahaayeen way ismaamulnaayeen. ISMAAMULNAANTOODA ayaa weli socota oo ku socota sidii loo <b>magaaliyeyn</b> lahaa, iyagoo la jaanqaadaaya dunida haddeeran [The Modern World] iyaga oo rabaaya wax walba oo SHACAB Kaleeto oo dhigooda ahi uu leeyahay oo kaleeto inay lahaadaan iyaguna.<br />
<b>DAWLAD:</b><br />
Haddii Ereytiraabka la isir-raaco, waxa uu saldhiganayaa, inuu ka soo xigmaysmay Qqur'aanka: "<i><b> KAY LAA YAKUUNA DUULATAN BAYNAL AQNIYAA'I MINKUM : WA MAA AATAAKUM ALRASUULU FA KHUDUU: WA MAA NAHAAKUM CANHU FA ANTAHUU!</b></i>" : [Suurat ALXASHR / Deerka ALXASHAR Ee Qqur'aanka]Ereytiraabku waxa uu ka kooban yahay D*W*L: Waxa uu u gedbismaa dhowr siyood: 1) DUULAHTAN 2) DAWLAHTAN 3) DAWLAD-DA/ DAWLAD-KA oo ah sida uu ugu gedbis fadhiistay Ereytiraabku Farafka Soomaaliga:<br />
1960-kii: Waxa Dawlad wada lahaaday Labada Maxmiyadood ee ay ka kortalinayeen 1) Talyaaniga 2) Ingiriiska: Dawladmaamulkaas Oo Yeeshay Suraabkii ahaa SOMALI REPUBLIC : Laqadka ama se LUQADDA Talamaamulkaasu adeegsan jiray wuxuu ahaa INGIRIISI & TALYAANI maadaama ay Soomaalidu ka qaadatay Madaxbannaani xilligaas Dalalkaas Reer Yurub: FarSoomaaliduna may ahayn rasmi oo waxa Laqadka ama Luqadda kowaad ahayd ENGLISH / ITALIANO Laqadka labaadna ee Soomaalida waqooyi iyo koonfurba wuxuu ahaa Carabiga. Talamaamulkii 1960-kii waxa uu ahaa <b>HABDADKA SOOMAALIDA</b> [ <i><b>Jamhuuriyat Ssawmmaal</b></i>] waxa uu sii taxnaa xooshkaasu[That Status] 1969-kii:<br />
Intii uu jirsaday <i><b>Habdadka Soomaalidu</b></i> waxa ay barbargaleen Qqaranmoda Adduunka ee wada lahaaday Jimciyadda Lagu magacaabo :<b>Qqaranmada Midaysmay</b> / <b>Qqaranmada Midoobay</b>[<b>The United</b>/ <b>The Union Nations</b>] Oo Habdadka Soomaalidu uu xubin ka ahaaday:<br />
1969-kii: Waxa aloosmay Xoosh cusub oo Soomaalidii waqooyi iyo koonfur ee midaysmay 1960-kii uu u cosobsaday: <b><i>SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC</i></b> = <i><b>Habdadka Taldadka Soomaalida</b></i> [ <i><b>Jamhuuriyat Al-Ssawmmaal Al-Tdimoqqraadiyah</b></i>] - waxa suraabkaas ama xooshkaasi [ That Title Or Status] uu sii jiray taniyo 1990-kii: Ka dib waxa dalkii Soomaalida iyo dawladkoodiiba ku yimid burbur ismaamul iyo qoqobnaan.<br />
Waxa dhan jirsamay <i><b>Republic Of Somaliland</b></i> [ <b><i>Habdadka Carrisoomaal/جمهورية برصومال</i></b>]::Rasmiyanna La Dhaho <b>JAMHUURIYADDA SOMALILAND</b> iyo Dhanka kaleeto oo ah: <b><i>Federal Republic Of Somalia</i></b> [ <i><b>Habdadka Wadajirka Soomaaliya/</b></i><b><i> جمهورية ألصومال ألفطراليه</i></b><i><b> </b></i>]::Rasmiyanna La Dhaho <b>JAMHUURIYADDA FEDERAALKA SOOMAALIYA</b> Kaasi oo weli taagan: taniyo <b>2023-ka</b> ee Hilaad-tuska Miilaadiga:</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Seid Abdillahi Abdihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06636086847076821915noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6136945000136340612.post-40041713695954753152013-02-06T17:11:00.004-08:002018-06-12T19:43:54.802-07:00Faaqidaadda Hawraarta-[Critiquing Literature]<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h1>
FAAQIDAADDA HAWRAARTA: (Critiquing Literature)</h1>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Sida aynu soo ogsoonaanay, hawraarta ayaa
laba goon ah: SOOBAAN Iyo SUUGAAN: Waxa aynu xadidaabnay waxa SUUGAAN inoogu
qeexnaanaya, oo aynu dhahnay waa MURTI-da iyo MAANSOOYIN-ka. Waxa kaloo
aynu carabaabnay waxyaabaha goonka SOOBAAN ku tilmaamnaanaya: Waxa u horeeya:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">XAANSHI QORISTA:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Xaanshi gacalnimo</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Xaanshi codsiya</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Xaanshiyo xafiiseed(Rasmiya)…Ka-xafiis
ilaa xafiis aada: Ama Wareegto iwm.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">CODBAYN-ta/CODBAAN-ta/QUDBAD-da/KHUDBAD-da:
Oo iyada la jeediyo oo kolkaas ah mid ORAFAN lagana dhigi karo mid QORAN.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">CURIS-ka</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">INDEEX-da</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">MAQAAL-ka</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">JEEDAALWARIN-ta/JEEDAALO-da(The Review)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">WARBIXIN-ta</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">WARFAALLO-da</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">FAALLO-da</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">INTIFAALLO-da</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">FALANQE-ha[Orafan ama Qoran]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">FAAQIDAAD-da[Oo ah sida tan aynu hadda u
gol-leenahay]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">WAX-KASMEED[Sida Dersiyo/Duruusta
buugaagta waxbarashada ku qoran]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">WAX-GARNEED[Sida: Qandar qoran(Written
Contract), Dardaaran(Will), Dastuur(Constitution), ]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">DIHADHIG-ga</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">TAABADHIG-ga</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">SHEEKOOYIN-ka[Buugaysan sida
NOVEL(Cusayble): Ama si kale u qoran oo la jili karo: Sida:- Majaajilo,Ruwaayad,Googoos,Maadays,Filim
iwm]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Ugu horayn marka aynu SOOBAAN faaqidayno,
waxa aynu kala soocyanaynaa halkarroda(The Features) soobaanta. Maxaa-yeelay,
halkar kastaaba waxa uu leeyahay sasaan afeed oo loo baahan yahay inuu ku
qornaado, ama ku dhignaado. Tusaale, haddii xaanshi gacalnimo uu qof qorayo,
waxa uu ku bilaabayaa:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Gacal Hebel/Gacalo Hebla</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Halka haddii uu xaanshi xafiiseed qorayo
uu ku bilaabayo</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Mudane/Jaalle ama Marwo/Jaalle</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Sidaasoo weliba sii kale sasaan afeed
duwan. Xaanshida gacalnimo waxaa ku dheehan dareen maaxateed(Emotional Feeling)-Waxa
ku dheehan-Jacayl,labxasho,kalgacayl,isu-darsasho, is-jamasho,jamatiin(Romance)
iwm, halka tan rasmiyeed lagu dhigaaleeyo sasaan afeed tigtigan oo aan
maaxatadu hoggaankeeda ahayn. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Marka aynu isla garano, halkar kasta iyo
sasaan afeedka ku habboon inuu ku dhignaado, waxa aynu gudagalaynaa:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>QIIMEYN FAAHFAAHSAN(Detailed Evaluation):</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Dhoodad-siin[Giving
Merits For….]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Dhiifo-saar[Libelling
Defects For…]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Waxa aynu gudadayaynaa TIDICyada iyo
TUDUCyada waxqoraalka qoraa’ kasta, waxa aynu isu barbardhigaynaa inta DHOOD ee
qoraalkiisu yeeshay, iyo inta DHIIFOOD ee qoraalkiisu yeeshay.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Qoraallo-da waxbarasheed waxaa laga dayaa
xaga gawnaanta(The Exactness) waxsheegga, sasaan afeedkooduna yahay mid
bayaxa(Plain Language/Transparent), kaasoo ah mid tiraabaysan oo xiga sasaan
afeedka rasmiga ah si ahaan. Waxa waxqoruhu uu ku taabaqoraa hab tiraab-tiraab
ah, oo laga dhadhansan karo gawnaanta iyo saribnaanta (Specific-being ) waxa uu tilmaamayo, ama tiraabayo.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Qoraallo-da Curisyo ah, ama Sheeko ah,
waxaa laga dayaa MEEXAAN-ka(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Aesthetics</i></b>), waxa lagu dhoodad
siiyaa, sida sheekarnimada leh ee uu u wax-sheegayo, higillada waxsheeg(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Figures
Of Speech</i></b>) ee ku jira, hilqadaha(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Ornaments</i></b>) uu adeegsaday, sida
areennada(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Rhymes</i></b>), Shibbareennada(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Consonances</i></b>),
Shaqalreennada(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Assonances</i></b>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Waxa la dayaa oo lagu dhoodad siiyaa, sida
wax-qorniinkiisu ama waxsheeggiisu u ifaalleysan yahay(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">How Expressive it is</i></b>), uu
u sifaalleysan yahay(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">How Descriptive it is</i></b>), uu u
waraanwaryeysan yahay(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">How Narrative it is</i></b>). Waxa la dayaa
xidhiidhsanaanta ama isku-taxnaanta wax-qorniinkiisa ama waxsheegyadiisa,
halsaawe ahaan(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monologue</i></b>), haasaawe ahaan(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dialogue</i></b>), iyo haasowtan ahaan(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Conversationally</i></b>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Waxa lagu dhiifo-saaraa, sida uu intaas
aynu soo xusnay u hal-seegan yahay.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">FAAQIDAADDA SUUGAANTA:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Suugaanta Murtideeda iyo Maansadeedu waa
ay kala saafan yihiin. Waxa aynu salal ka dhiganaynaa shanta god ee murtidu
leedahay, iyadoo aynu maanku ku haysanayno in aynu ka guda-baadhno Maansooyinka
tiraabaha murtigalka ah ee ku jira, oo ahaanaya tiraabaha dhaxalgalka ah, ee ku
jira maanso, kuwaasoo ahaada, kuwo tiriyaha Maansoda ka-dibkiis loo soo xigan
karo, tiraabahaas oo ah:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Maahmaah, Halqabsi, Halhays, Halkudheg,
ama Halxidhaale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Suugaanyahanka kastaa waxa uu taawiyay ama
tiriyay waa FALTAAWO(ARTWORK): Waxaa aynu u faaqidaynaa sidatan:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">DABUUBTA
Maansadiisa(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Theme Of The Poem</i></b>):</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">-Ma mid hufan baa? Mise waa mid xajiimo
leh?: Dabuubtu waa ujeeddada ugu muhiimsan/koowaad ee maansada uu u tiriyay
suugaanyahanku.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Sida Sooyaaleed(The Classical): Waxaa la
qiimeyn jiray ama lagu tartami jiray Dabuubahan: Amaanta Dumarka, Amaanta
Geella, Amaanta Fardaha iyo Guubaabada Dagaalgelinta ama Halganeed/Dareen
kicinta.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Halkan tix walba waxa aynu sheegaynaa
MEERISYADEEDA ama TUDUCYADEEDA(Oo ah intaasoo meeris oo isku ujeeddo
biya-dhigaya), inta HUFAN oo aynu DHOODAD ku siinaynaa, waxa kaloo aynu
sheegaynaa inta XAJIIMO-da leh oo aynu DHIIFO ku saaraynaa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">DULUCDA:
(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Contents</i></b>): </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">-Waxyaabaha Meerisyada ama Tuducyada
maansada ku tiraaban, ee ah nuxur guud, sida ka waranka ama ku soo halqabsiga
dad iyo adeenti kalaba sida Libaax , iyo Waraabe oo la isku barbardhigayo ged
murti-ahaaneed: Tusaale:</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">UBAD-DHAQASHADA:</span></u></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Gorayadu Ilmaheeda </span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Aroori bay dhigtaayoo</span></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Aboodigu ku laayaa!</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Shinbirtuna Aroosay</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Ila-xidhoo amaana bay</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Ubadkeeda seexisaa!</span></i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">QOF-KAASHIGA:</span></u></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Baadida Nin Baa Kula Dayi Daalna Kaa
Badane</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Oo Inaad Hesho Doonayn Daa’in Abidkaaye!</span></i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">GOBANIMADA:</span></u></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Gobonimadu Waa Libin Ku Taxan Geeddi
Nololeede</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Marna Waa Gumarrada Aadmigu Hantiyo Guusha
Ugu Weyne!</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Waxa la dayayaa sida ay u guud-taran tahay
(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Its
Common Benefit To Mankind</i></b>), ama ay ugu gaar-taran tahay goosan dad ah,
sida qoys ama qabiil.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Sida aynu soo xusnay, haddii DABUUB-ta
tixdu ahaato mid dhiifo leh, oo looga jeedo mid aan waxtar u lahayn, Aadmiga,
maxaa-yeelay, Aadmiga dhulka guudkiisa ku nooli waa isku baahi, wixii midkood
ama qaar ka mida waxtar u leh, intooda kalana waxtar baa ay u leeyihiin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">DAWLIIKA: (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Structure Of The Poem</i></b>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Waa meexaanka(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Aesthetic</i></b>): Habdhaca,
sida ay maansadu u dhisan tahay farshaxan ahaan, ama taawo ahaan. Maanso kastaa
waxa ay leedahay TIBIXQAAR: Oo ah tibix uu ku dhisan yahay AREEN-keedu(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Its
Rhyme</i></b>): Waxa ay leedahay QADAN: Oo ah isu-dheelitirnaanta
Meerisyadeeda. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Dhisnaanta dhan ee TIBIXQAAR ee maansada
Suugaanyahan waxaa lagu siiyaa DHOOD.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Isu-Dheelitirnaanta ama QADAN-dhisnaanta
Maansadiisa waxaa lagu siiyaa DHOOD.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Gabaygu waa boqorka maansooyinka:
Meeriska(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Verse</i></b>) gabayga ayaa ugu dheer maansooyinka jira.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Waxa kaloo jira gabay seddexley ah , oo ah
jaad-gabayeedka ugu dawliilka adag: Sida:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">H</span></b><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">abka Nolosha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">H</b>iddaha Iyo Dhaqanka <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">H</b>ilinka
Taariikh<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">da</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">H</span></b><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">awshii Guriga <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">H</b>eeryada Ratiga <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">H</b>iilka
Iyo <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">H</b>oo<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">da</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">[Gabay: Sayid Maxamed Cabdalle Xasan]</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Waxa kaloo la dhahay:</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Habka Nabadda Hiddaha Iyo Dhaqanka Hilinkii Hilaadda</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Hawshii Guriga Heeryada Ratiga Hiilka Iyo Hooda!</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Shansha Adhiba Shidhixaa Danbaa Shuxa Abidkiiye</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Shahwo Oday Ka Qaaliban Abtiga Shaashadii Xumiye!</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">[Gabay Salaan Carabey]</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Jaad gabayeedyadan ayaa ugu dawliil sareeya
gabay Soomaaliga.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";">Waxa ay leeyihiin TIBIXQAAR Seddexan,
halka gabayga raadifan uu leeyahay Tibixqaar Lamaan. Waxa u dheer HOORIS-ka(The
Chorus), oo ah sida uu ku soo sargo’aya. Gabay tusaaleedka koowaad, waxa uu ku
soo sargo’ayaa –DA. Halka gabay tusaaleedka labaad uu ku soo sargo’ayo –E. Taas
oo ay uga egyihiin Gabay Carabiga.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b></span></div>
</div>
Seid Abdillahi Abdihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06636086847076821915noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6136945000136340612.post-24033524506732809452013-01-02T22:17:00.003-08:002023-06-09T21:20:10.015-07:00AFARQAAD KALE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<h1>
AFARQAAD KALE:</h1>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Waxa
aynu hore u tiraabnay <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Qeexaalka Guud Ee
Af</b>: Oo aynu afar xubnood ku koobnay: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">1-
EREYO, 2- DHAWAQ, 3- DHADHAN, 4- DHISMAYN. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Waxa
aynu sii afarqaadaynaa sisibahaas afaran ee aynu afka ku soo koobnay
garashadiisa ama barashadiisa. Waa ay jiraan qeexniinno kale oo af lagu qeexan
karo, waxaa kaloo la dhahaa waa LAAC WARGUDASHO = Medium Of Communication,: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">HAB
summaddo u ah ifaalleynta aqoonta ama wargudashadooda Aadmiga…, etc(iwm)- waxa
se aynu ku saljoogaynaa sisibahaas afaran oo aynu ku sii ambaqaadaynaa
faallooyin iyo faahfaahinno tafatiran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">EREYO = MIDHO = ARRAH:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Waxaa
laga sii ambaqaadaa Diiwaanka Ereyada oo lagu magacaabo <b>Qaamuus</b>, <b>Ereykoobe</b>,
<b>Afsuud</b>( Suud = Hubsiimo), <b>Arrahsuud</b>(Lexicon). Midhaha afka marka la
diiwaangeliyo waxa kaloo aynu dhahaynaa MIDHAMUUL=Vocabulary: (Muul= Waa erey
Carabi-Soomaali ah oo ka dhigan ku buuxsanaan/ku-dhamaan). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Waxa
aynu hadda tiraabaynaa ARRAH= Dhaqan ahaan, soojireen ahaan, haweenka ayaa
arrahsan jiray, taasoo ka dhigan …Waa ay midho-guran jireen! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Xaga
kasmada ARRAH waa midh erey ah, oo ah erey sixin, saafiya, asal-Soomaali ah,
halka Midhamuulku tilmaamayo ereyada afka ee adeegsan, kuwaasoo isugu jiri kara
kuwo asal-Soomaali ah, iyo kuwo asal-qalaadood ah. Sidaas darteed ARRAHU waa
midhaha sixin ee afka haybtiisa odoleeya(constitutes). Waxa erey-tiraabeedkan
aynu ka tarsanaynaa:-</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">LEXIS =
Arrah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">LEXICAL
= Arraheed</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">LEXEME =
Arrahti</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">LEXICON
= Arrahsuud</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">LEXICOLOGY
= Arrahgarad/Arrahgaran/Arrahkasyo</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">LEXICOGRAPHY
= Arrahqorniin</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Waxa aynu
qeexaynaa:- </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">LEXEME(ARRAHTI):
Waa unnugta ugu yare e ku tirsan midhamuul af.Tusaale:- IF..QOR..QAAD</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">DHAWAQA:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">PHONETICS
= DHAWAQTAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">PHONOLOGY
= Dhawaqgarad/Dhawaqgaran/Dhawaqkasyo</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">PHONEME
= DHAWAQTI: Waa haltida ugu yar ee ku sudgaaran cod soo saarka Aadmiga, taasoo
ka adeegta dunaandayista micnaha.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">DHADHANKA:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">SEMANTICS
= DHADHANTAN-ka</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">SEMEME =
DHADHANTI: Waa unnugta ugu yar micne ee loo tixgeliyo marka la lifafgurayo
dhadhantankiisa afka. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">F.G.(N.B.):
Ha ku laqbudin <b>DHADHAMO</b> = <b><i>TASTE</i></b>, - <b>DHADHAMOOYIN</b> = <b><i>TASTES</i></b>: Oo ahaada shanta lagu
barto <b>Halgedda Anoolka</b>(<i><b>The Biology</b></i>): 1-Macaan(<b><i>Sweet</i></b>), </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">2-
Qadhaadh(<b><i>Bitter</i></b>) , 3- Dhanaan(<b><i>Sour</i></b>), 4- Cusbood(<b><i>Salty</i></b>), 5- Ladaadyo(<i><b>Umami</b></i>)-[e.g.Delicious Food = Cunto Ladaadyo leh.]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">DHISMAYN:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Waxaa
muhiim ah: Kala-ogaanshaha, kala garashada ama kala-barashada <b>Qoodadka
Ereyada</b>(<b><i>Word Classes</i></b>): Oo ah Qanqeybaha wax-hadalka(Parts Of Speech): Sida in erey
qoodkiisu yahay MAGAC(NOUN), FAL(VERB), SITAAN(ADJECTIVE) iwm.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Qeybta
ugu muhiimsan garashada afka ama barashada afka waa qeybtan
DHISMAYNTA(Construction):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Waxa aynu soo
garanay ama baranay EREYADII, DHAWAQOODII iyo DHADHANKOODII oo ah micnayaashoodii,
inta ba waxaa ka muhiimsan DHISMAYNTOODII si aynu u soo saarno:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">TARAB =
CLAUSE</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">TIBAAX/TIRAAB
= PHRASE/TERM</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">WEEDH =
SENTENCE</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Waxa
aynu qeybtan ku magacaabnay:-</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">SYNTAX =
TAXDI-da: Waa habka quman ee ereyada la iskugu daba-taxo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">SYNTACTIC
= TAXDIYEED</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">SYNTACTICS
= TAXDIYEYN-ta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Dhismaynta
waxaa ku xindiyan(Conditioned by) barashada GAREEF-ka AF-ka [GARAAD waa halka uu dhurto EREYTIRAAB-ka Haboon Ee Aan U Dhigayo GAREEF-ka LAQAD SOOMAALIGA ahaan] (GAREEF-ka...<i><b>adeegsi </b></i>The Grammar)-ka afka aynu
kolba u gol-leenahay, barashadaas dabadeed waxaa inoo suuroobaysa inaynu si
raabaqaadan iskugu taxno ereyadii afka, inagoo aqoonsan ama garanayna XEERAR-ka
aynu tixgelinayno, si aynu u soo saarno WEEDH QUMAN(Correct Sentence) oo aynu
iskaga jirno WEEDH QARBUDAN(Incorrect Sentence).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";"><b>MORPHOLOGY</b>
= <b>GEDBISKA</b>-[<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">SSARFI(Carabi)</b>]:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";"><b><i>* The Study Of Word And Term Formation And The Variations They Undergo In Discourse.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";"><b>* Waa Barashada Erey Ama Tiraab Samaysmadka Iyo Gedgedoonka Ay Soo Maraan Marka Hadalka.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Derivational Morphology</span></b><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";"> = <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gedbiska Dhiraandhirmeed</b>: Waa hababka nudubaynta(Affixation) ee
gedeeya EREY kale iyadoo HORKABME, DIBKABME ama DHEXKABME uu raacayo salkii
hore ee ereyga. Tusaale:- FOG+AAD = Distance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";">Inflectional Morphology</span></b><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";"> = <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gedbiska Gedarogrogeed</b>: Waa suubaabinta(The Modification-)-erey lagu
gedeeyo kaasoo ahaa Erey Magac oo keli-ah – lagana dhigo Erey Magac wadar ah,
ama Erey Fal ah – oo loo gedeeyo si Tagto(Past), ama Timaaddo(Future). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif";"><b>MORPHEME
= GEDEYNTI</b>: Waa unnugta ugu yar ee micne gedaysa ee leh falmoonaan Garaad.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
</div>
Seid Abdillahi Abdihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06636086847076821915noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6136945000136340612.post-63491037543254884622012-07-15T17:41:00.008-07:002023-10-27T14:07:13.905-07:00ARTOONKA GARDHAHA: (The Field Of Law)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">ARTOONKA GARDHAHA: (Field Of Law)</span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Indeexdan(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">This Essay</b>): Waxa aanu ku qaadaadhigaynaa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">GARDHAHA</b> oo ah saabsane aad u sureeran ama se aad u mirdan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Inta gardhe goon(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">category</i></b>) ee jira, ama
goonanka gardhahu waa sidatan:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">I.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Gardhaha
Rasmiga ah</span></b><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";"> (Waa Madiimanaan/<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Secular</i></b>.): Madiimanaantu
waa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">SECULAR</b>, taas micnaheedu maaha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ATHEISM</i></b>
oo ka dhigan dafirsanaanta jiritaanka Eebbeh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">II.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Gardhaha
Dhaqanka</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">III.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Gardhaha
Diiniga ah/Diimannaata</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">I.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Gardhaha
Rasmiga</span></b><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";"> ah: Inta Gardhe Laameed ee ka sii jira waxaa ka mida:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Gardhaha Dalalkabaxsan(International Law)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Gardhaha Jidmaraalka (Traffic Law)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Gardhaha Sinjiyadda/Sowraca &ama Socdaalka (Ethnic &Immigration Law)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Inisyadiisu(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Its Components</i></b>) way
jiraan, Gardhaha Rasmiga ah: Waxaa la kala dhahaa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">QODOB</b>(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Article</i></b>) iyo <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">XEER</b>(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Act</i></b>).[<b><i>EEG LIFAAQA/See the appendix </i></b>]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Himilada sudan ee bulsho ku taamayso ayaa
ah SOORNAAN(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Justice</i></b>) iyo SINNAAN(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Equality</i></b>), [<b><i>The Law Is The Medium For The Justice And For The Equality</i></b> = <b>Gardhuhu Waa Dhexjiraha Dawladka Ah Ee U Taagan Soornaanta Iyo Sinnaanta</b>] - Waxa Aadmiga Iyo Shucuubta Dunida Ku Dhaqan Aay Ku Wada Taamayaan GUULLO. Mar kasta oo inguul la
gaadhaba waxa sudnaatay himilo, maxaa yeelay mar walba waxa lagu sii taamayaa waa
guul, waxa se kolba la gaadhaa waa inguullo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">SOORNAAN-tu waa u gudboonaanta tawlalka,
iyo gardeyaasha jira ee dal ka sudan-Ama <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Xuqquuqqda.</i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">SINNAAN-tu; Waa halkudheg ku baaqaya in aan
qofna qof wax dheerayn GARSOOR-ka hortiisa, marka la isqabsado ee dacwad
ooganto, haddii aan la isqabsan oo aanay dacwad oognayn markaas soornaan ayaa
la dhaqan yahay oo saamidan(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Prevalent</i></b>-ah).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Waxbarashadu way kala hilgan tahay. Marka
ay tahay heer goshiyeed , Gardhuhu wuxuu ahaadaa <b>AR</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TOON</b>(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FIELD</b>) gooniya.Waxbarashada
Dugsiyeed ee aasaasiga ah, waxa jirtay oo haddana la soo halceliyay, halgedda
ugu dhow ee <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">GARDHAHA</b> tilmaamaysa ama
aasaas ahaan laga soo barto. Halgedaas jirta ee ardayda loo dhigo oo lagu magacaabo
RAYDI(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Civics</i></b>), waxa ay halgedaasu tiraabtaa tawlalka ama gardeyaasha
amaba <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xuqquuqqda</i></b> uu qof dal ku leeyahay, sida gardhaha dal uu u jiro,
iyo cidda ka adeegta ee ka shaqaysa ama <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">huwaaba</b>ha(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Organisations</i></b>-ka)
ka adeega ama ka shaqeeya ee u xilsaaran. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">II. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gardhaha
Dhaqanka</b>: Waxa uu isna leeyahay inisyo(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Components</b>)
lagu tubaabtamo. Waxa inisyadaas la kala dhahaa: XEER iyo XAAL. Siyaabo kale
way jiraan oo loo kala iniseeyo: QUDH iyo QOON, ama DHIIG iyo DHAQAN. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Marka Gardhe Dhaqameedka Soomaaliga la
tilmaamayo waxa lagu tiraabaa GAR!. Ereyga Gar waa uu sitaamo badan yahay. Mar
waa DACWAD, oo waxa la dhahaa GAR baan u leeyahay. Marna waa GARDHE oo waxa la
tibaaxaa Sidaasi [<b>GAR=</b>(<b>Archaic Meaning Of Law</b>)] maaha, oo ka dhigan SHARCI maaha/MASHRIC maaha, ama GARDHE maaha. Gar
Soomaalida Dhaqanka, waa mid la naqo, oo waxa la dhahaa GARNAQSI, iyo mid la
qaado oo waxa la dhahaa ha loo GARQAADO.Kolkakeer waa GARNAQISTAN & GARQAADISTAN Dhaqan Ahaan: GARNAQUHU & GARQAADUHU Waxa Oo Soo Tooydaa In GARTATAAS Oo Kaleeto Degelweenka Soomaalida Ka Dhacday DACWAD La Mid Ahi! Oo Wax Laga XEERTAY Ay JIRAAN. Guud Ahaan Saabsanaha GAR Marka Aad Maqalsho Waa WAX DHAQAN Ku Aaddan Iyo DHAQNAAN!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Marka Gardhaha Dhaqanka la xiganayo, waxa
la dhahaa – Gartani hore ma tahay mid ina soo martay? Haddii ay iyadoo kale
hore u soo dhacday, sidii loo naqay ayaa XEER ah, oo la jalbeebtaa, ama la
xigasho-naqaa. Haddii aanay hore u soo marin, jaadkeedu gartaas, waxa la dhahaa
, waa GAR-UGUB! Markaasna waxa loo golfadhiistaa sidii loo naqi lahaa, iyadoo
dhan walba laga eegayo, sida ay ku naqantona waxaa laga dhigtaa XEER, oo waxa
ay ku biirtaa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">GALKEYD</b>-ka/<b>GARFAYL</b> dhaqanka(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cultural Archive</b>), oo isagu xusuusaha
bulshada garyaqaanadeeda ku keydsan. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Badanka Gardhaha Dhaqanku, waxa uu ka
saamidan yahay, oo uu aad uga hirgalan yahay, xaga miyiga, oo ah, xaga beellaha
bulshadu ku kala degaan leedahay. Beel kasta oo Qaranka Axdi(<b><i>CAHDI)</i></b> ku leh, waxaa ka
sudan XEER, ay kala mid tahay, beesha kale ee ay isku qaranka yihiin. Ka sokow,
xeerarka Qaranka u yaal, waxa beellaha u kala jira xeerar ku aadan sida ay u
wada dhaqan yihiin, ama u wada dhaqmayaan, kuwaasoo G<b>adhwadeennadoodu/Garwadeennadoodu </b>kala ogsoon
yihiin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">III .<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
Gardhaha Diiniga-ah</b>: Sida xoghayeennada Diintu, ictiqaadsan yihiin,
Gardhuhu waa saabsane sureeran ama aad u muhiim ah. Taasoo gaadhsiisan heer
Eebbeh uu samada ka soo dejiyay, oo uu Nebiyo ama Rasuullo ku soo dejiyay, kuna
soo dejin jiray. Waxa kaloo ay ictiqaadsan yihiin, in Gardhuhu aanuu ahayn, wax
Aadmigu alifi karo ama uu taawin karo. Gardhaha marka dhanka Diinta laga eego,
wuxuu ahaa taxane samada Eebbeh ka soo dejin jiray, oo haatan ebyoomay oo la
wada ogsoon yahay, <b>Dhaabkiisa[SSUMUUDUH}</b> iyo <b>Dheegiisaba[ISTINBAATDUH]</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Gardhaha Diiniga ahi, wuxuu isba sidoo
kale leeyahay, inisyadiisa, kuwaasoo lagu magacaabo <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">AXKAAM</b> ama <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">GARDHEBYO</b>. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">DHIDBANAANTA
GARDHAHA</span></b><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">:( <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Firmness Of Law</i></b>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Dalalka horumarsan ee lagu tilmaamsado
inay soornaan iyo sinnaan ka jirto , waxaa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dhidbanaan
leh Gardhaha</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Waxa jira SATI ama Tiraab, dunida ka caan
ah, oo ku aadan GARDHAHA iyo Soornaanta. “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dacwaysanuhu
waa uu salsuuban yahay taniyo inta eed ku run-ahaanayso</b>!” = “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Suspect
Is Innocent Until Proven Guilty</i></b>”= “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Mutaham Barii Xataa Tuthbit Idaanatu</i></b>”.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Xaga af-Soomaaliga waxa haatan la dhahaa,
qofka <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DACWAYSANE</b>-ha ah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">EEDEYSANE</b>..Taasina waa mid tilmaamaysa,
in aan dacwaysanaha loo xeerinin eed la’aan, ama laga sii horkadhacayo in
qofkii la dacweeyaba uu eedaysane yahay. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Waxa se ay soornaantu ku jirtaa, in aan
dacwaysanaha la dhihin eedaysane, taniyo inta uu Garsoore ku gardhebayo inuu
dacwaysanuhu eedaysane yahay. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Xeer-ilaaliye</span></b><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Prosecutor</i></b>)- Ayaa dacwaysanaha ku ooga <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">dacwad</b>(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Case/Qqaddiyah</i></b>). Dacwadda qof baa ka dacweeye ah, oo u
xilsaartay huwaabta Dawladda u qaabilsan Gardhaha. Xaga dawladda
Xeer-ilaaliyayaasha ayaa dacwadaha soo-ooga. Garsooreyaashu waa ay garqaadaan (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Do
Trails</i></b>)- Garqaadista danbadeed ayaa dacwaysanuhu noqdaa eedaysane(<i><b>Guilty</b></i>) ama
ma-eedaysane(<i><b>Not-Guilty</b></i>). </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">GARSOOR</span></b><span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">
waa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">THE
JUDICIARY.</i></b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gardhebe</b> waa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Judge Who Makes The Sentence</i></b>! Gardhebka uu Garsoore gardhebayo, ayaa
soornaan sameeya, ama eexi ka timaadaa, haddii aan si soornaan iyo sinnaan leh,
loo garqaadin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Garqaadista waxaa u lama-huraan ah, in
dacwaysanuhu helo, qareen ka deedafeeya wixii aan qabanin ee uu dacwaysanuhu
rabo in Golgarka dhexdiisa looga sheego, si taas uu Garsooruhu u ogaado, ka hor
inta aanuu gardhebin, ama gardheb samaynin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";"><b>Xaga Diimannaata SOORNAANSHE</b>-hu(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Cadli-gu</i></b>): Waa Eebbeh. <b>Diimannaan Ahaan:</b> Isagaa laga tayametaa eexla’aanta oo ku sitaaman inuu leeyahaya soornaanta.
Soornaanshenimadu waa sitaan milgan oo ka mida sitaamaha Eebbeh ee laga
tayameto.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Iska-jiraada ama iska-jirista eexdu(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ttulmi</i></b>-gu) waa
suubanaanta dadnimo ama qofnimo ee Bini-Aadam gaadho. Qofka garsoorka ka
shaqeynaya waxa la gudboon inuu ku adeego eexla’aan iyo xaglin la’aan. haddii kale
wuxuu jebinayaa anshaxii shaqada uu hayo ee uu u xilsaarnaa.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Dhidbanaanta Gardhaha waxaa door ka qaata,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">GOLGARADA</b>(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Courts</i></b>). Siyaabo kala
duwan ayaa, qaran walba u dhidbaneeyaa, golgaradiisa. Mar waxa jira <b>Golgar
Dhaqan</b>, mar waxa jiri kara <b>Golgar Diin</b>, mar kale waxa jiri kara <b>Golgar Rasmiya</b>,
waxa ay taasi ku xidhan tahay, marba dacwadda taagan. Haatan, sida bulshada
Soomaalida u jirta, ee golgaro u ah, waxa la magacaabaa Golgar Degmo, Golgar
Gobol, iyo Golgar Sare, ama Golgarka Racfaanka. Dal ba si baa u gaarra. Taasina
waxay ku xidhan tahay sida Talameelkooda Gardheed uu u jiro(<b>The Policy Behind The Judiciary System</b>) Talameelkaas ama <b>POLICY</b>-gaas oo lagu tilmaami karo, kala helista <b>SINNAAN</b> iyo <b>SOORNAAN</b>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Xaga gardhaha ee dalalka dal-ba si buu u dhidbaneeyaa huwaabaha u xilsaaran arrimihiisa gardhaha, sidoo kala-na u magacaabaa suraabada u higilan xilalka gardheed (The titles holding legal resposibility). Tusaaleyaal:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Garyaqaanada Ama Qareennada Garneed = Lawyers Or Legal Representatives</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">-Garyaqaanka Dawladda [Waa Garyaqaan u qaabilsan dalka arrimaha dawladnimada]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">-Garyaqaanka Arrimaha Rayidka</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">-Garyaqaanka Arrimaha Dastuurka</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">-Garyaqaanka Arribaha Diinka/Diinta</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">Xeer-ilaaliyeyaalsha = Prosecutors</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">-Xeer-ilaaliyaha Arrimaha Dawladda [Waa xeer-ilaaliye gaar ugu qaabilsan dalka arrimaha dawladda]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">-Xeer-ilaaliyaha Arrimaha Rayidka</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">-Xeer-ilaaliyaha Arrimaha Dastuurka</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "iskoola pota" , "serif";">-Xeer-ilaaliyaha Arribaha Diinka </span></div>
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<br />
Garsooreyaalsha = Judges:<br />
Garsooraha Arrimaha Dawladda<br />
Garsooraha Arrimaha Dastuurka<br />
Garsooraha Arrimaha Diinta<br />
<u><b>Tiraabo-(Terms):</b></u><br />
<u><b><br /></b></u>
<b><u>I. Gardhaha Madiimannaata = Secular Law = Mashric Al-Dunyawiy</u></b><br />
<b><u>II. Gardhaha Dhaqanka = Cultural Law = Mashric Al-Qqinaathiy</u></b><br />
<b><u>III. Gardhaha Diiniga Ah/Diimannaanta = Religious Law = Mashric Al-Diiniy</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>
<b>HUWAAB-ta = Instituation/Organisation/<i>Al-Hay'ah</i></b><br />
<b>Tiraabganka Gardhaha = Terminology Of Law</b><br />
<b>Golgar</b> = Court<br />
<b>Qolgar</b> = Courtroom<br />
<b>Edeg-ga</b> = The Dock<br />
<b>Barta Marqaatiga/Maragqaatiga</b> = Witness Box <br />
<b>Goobjooge</b> = Eye-Witness<br />
<b>Gardhe</b> = Law = MASHRIC [ Somali Modern Term Of LAW<>Gardheyaal =Laws]<br />
<b>GAR</b> = <b>Somali Archaic Term Of Law</b> /As Well As: <b>Somali Cultural Term Of Law</b><br />
<b>Gardhe-dejiye/Gardhe-qorista</b> = Legislator/Law-maker/<i><b>MUSHRIC </b></i><br />
<b>Xeerdejin-ta/Xeer-qorista</b> = Legislation(Legislative Body) = <i><b>MUSHRICIIN </b></i><br />
<b>Si-gardheed </b>= Legal Wise = <i><b>Ssifa-sharciyah</b></i>/<b><i>qaanuuniyah</i></b>/ <i><b>SSIFA-MASHRICIYAH</b></i><br />
<b>Garne</b> = <b>Legal</b>:[<b>Waxa garne ah xeerarka dhaqangalay ee gardheed</b>]<br />
<b>Garneyn</b> = Legalizing [<b>Si-gardheed u dhaqangelin xeer/xeerar</b>] <br />
<b>Sinnaan</b> = Equality<br />
<b>Soornaan</b> = Justice<br />
<b>Eex</b> = Lack of justice = Ttulmiy<br />
<b>Soornaanshe/Soornaalaha</b> = The Just = Al-Caadil-ka/Al-Cadlu (<b>Eebbeh</b>)<br />
<b>Kasmada/Kasmaha Waxmaragga</b> = Forensic Science <br />
<b>Wacaal</b>/<b>Wacaallo</b> = Clue/Clues/Forensic<br />
<b>XEERI = ENACT</b><br />
<b>XEERIS = ENACTING </b><br />
<b>U-xeerin = To Enact For..</b><br />
<b>Xeer-ilaalin-ta Guud</b> = Prosecution Service/<i><b>Niyaabah Al-Caamah</b></i><br />
<b>Xeer-ilaaliye</b> = Prosecuter/<i><b>Wakiil-Niyaabah</b></i><br />
<b>Xeer-ilaaliyaha Guud/Garyaqaanka Guud</b> = Attorney General/<i><b>Naa'ib Al-Caam</b></i><br />
<b>Garyaqaan</b> = Lawyer<br />
<b>Garsoore</b> = The Judge<br />
<b>Garsoor</b> = The Justice/Judiciary System<br />
<b>Gardhebaad</b> = Sentencing[e.g. Waxa lagu gardhebay.../waxa loo gardhebay....]<br />
<b>GARBEEGTI</b>- TRIBUNAL<br />
<b>Xeerbeegti</b> = Jury<br />
<b>Dacwaysane</b> = Charged/Suspected person<br />
<b>Dacwad</b> = Legal case/Case<br />
<b>Golgarka Racfaanka</b> = Appeal Court<br />
<b>Golgarka Sare</b> = Supreme Court<br />
<b>Racfaansi</b> = Appealing <br />
<b>Gardhegaysi</b> = Hearing<br />
<b>Garqaadis</b> = Trial<br />
<b>Xeer-quduuc</b> = Persecution<br />
<b>Dhigaalshe Guud</b> = Notary Public/Nootaayo<br />
<b>Qareen</b> = Legal Reprensatative/Defender<br />
<b>Garne-kaal</b> = Legal Aid<br />
<b>Gardhekaab-ka</b> = Paralegal<br />
<b>GARDHEEKAABYO-DA</b> = PARALEGALS <br />
<b>Dooya-qaad</b> = Advocate<br />
<b>Dooya-qaadis</b> = Advocacy<br />
<b>Garde/Gardeyaal</b> = Right/Rights<br />
<b>Garde</b> = <b>Entitlement</b> [Gardeyaal = Entitlements]<br />
<b>Waxa uu u garde-leeyahay... = He is entitled to... </b><br />
<b>Tawl/Tawlal</b> = Right/Rights<br />
<b>Tawlmoon/Tawlmoone</b> = Righteous/Xaqqaaniy<br />
<b>Xeer</b> = Act<br />
<b>Qodob</b> = Article<br />
<b>Tarab</b> = Clause (<b><i>Faqrah</i></b>/Faqrad)<br />
<b>Reged-ka</b> = Bench (Guddi-garsooreyaal ah halka ay fadhiistaan ama iyaga) <br />
<b>Ilaaq</b> = An Offence<br />
<b>Dhibaab</b> = Penal/ Ciqqaab<br />
<b>Qayxooyinka Dhibaabta</b> = Penal Codes<br />
<b>Gardheyaalsha Dhibaabta</b> = Penal Laws<br />
<b>Dacwi-ga</b> = Case-Party<br />
<b>Dacwiya-da</b> = Case-Parties<br />
<b>Eersade</b> = Claimant<br />
<b>Lagu-eeseeyay</b> = Charged ...<br />
<b>Lagu-eedeeyay</b> = Accused<br />
<b>Geysimaad </b>= Conviction<br />
<b>Geysimaadyo Hore</b> = Previous Convictions<br />
<b>Goodhac = Verdict [e.g. Jury have you reached your verdict=Xeerbeegti ma gaadheen GOODHACIINII!]</b><br />
<b>Libraar Rayid/Rayidnimo</b> = Civil Liberty<br />
<b>Libraaraha Rayidka</b> = Civil Liberties<br />
<b>Gardhaha Dhagaraha</b> = Criminal Law<br />
<b>Gardhaha Is-Aaminaadda</b> = Trust Law<br />
<b>Gardhaha Habmaamulka</b> = Administrative Law [The Governance]<br />
<b>Gardhaha Qandarro-da</b> = Contracts Law<br />
<b>Gardhaha Qoonmo-ha(Qoon-ta)</b> = Torts Law<br />
<br />
<b><i><u>MICNAYAAL LIFAAQ-AH [APPENDIX]</u></i></b><br />
<b><i><u><br /></u></i></b>
<b>EREYGA GAR:</b><br />
1. Waa GAR = Waa RUN/It is true/It is Truth /Ssidqq<br />
2. Waa GAR = Waa XAQQ/It is RIGHT/It is ENTITLEMENT<br />
3. GAR-ka/ku= The Beard[=Jawaq Soomaaliga Koonfureed] = GADH-ka/ku[Jawaqa Soomaaliga Waqooyi] =Timaha GER-ka Ka Soo Baxa [ GER-ka/ku = THE CHIN...!]<br />
4. GAR-ta = Dacwadda/Qqaddiyah [ GAR-TA/TU ~ GARYOW-GA/GU]</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>4.1 DACWADDA</b> = Somali Modern Term Of Legal Case/Petition<br />
5.<b>GARDHE</b>(Somali Modern Term Of LAW, and <b>The Official Term</b>)/MASHRIC<br />
6.GAR = Xadhig ka mida xadhkaha awrka lagu hoggaamiyo<br />
7.GAREE = Siyee/Xadhkee/Law-garee/Legalize/Garnee/Gardhee/Sharciyee/Mashricee<br />
8. Waa Loo GARAY = Waa Loo Gardhebay/Waa Loo Xukumay/It has been sentenced for...<br />
Ereyga <b>GAR</b> xaga af-Soomaaliga waa erey<b> MADIYA</b>, oo <b>Gareef-ahaan</b> ama NAXWE-ahaan ma yeesho WADARAYN. Aan ka ahayn sidatan:: GAR-ta?tu ~GARYOW-ga/gu sida tiraabnaatay. Hase ahaatee, sida haddeeran marka jeedefku uu LAW-ga/SHARCI-ga/MASHRICA yahay Waa <b>GARDHE</b> ereyga tiraabta ah[<b>It has terminologically Specific Meaning Of LAW</b>], oo yeesha wadarayn ahaata <b>GARDHEYAAL</b>.<br />
Erey-tiraabeed waa erey micne sariban leh(<b>A word which has a specific meaning</b>) - Taasina waa muhiim xaga waxbarashada oo dhan, siiba barashada Gardhaha.<br />
9. GARDHEYAAL = MASHAARIC / LAWS<br />
<br />: Ereyadan ama Tiraabahan <b>XEER</b> iyo <b>QODOB</b><br />
<b>EREYGA XEER:</b><br />
1. XEER = Qqaanuun/Act<br />
2. XEER = Convention/Charter/Mucaahadah/Cahdiy/HESHIIS/DHAAHO<br />
3. XEER = Asalka Miyiga waa xadhig ka mida xadhkaha Aqal Soomaaliga ku dabran.<br />
4.XEER = Micne DHAQAN= <i><b>DO AS YOU WOULD BE DONE BY!</b></i>(Cultural Proverb): "<b>Ka Yeel Sidii Lagaa Yeeli Lahaa!</b>" : <b>"Ka Yeel Sida Aad Jeceshahay In Lagaa Yeelo!"</b><br />
5. XEER = Rule/Qqaacidah/Xukum/Dastuur<br /><i><u>
6. XEEROW! XEER XEER![Ayaa seddexjeer la dhahaa marka aan tiraabo la kala qoronin xeer ahaan loo tixgelin karo..AAMIIN] =</u></i><br />
<b><i>O'God Let That Be An Act!</i></b>[AAMIIN]<br />
7. XEER = Magaca Eebbeh Ee Gardhaha = God's Name Of Law<br />
<b>EREYGA QODOB:</b><br />
1. QODOB = Saabsane/TOPIC/POINT<br />
2. QODOB = AGENDA<br />
3. QODOB = Tolmo la tolo meel jidh ah, ama harqad maro ah ama wax kale ah.<br />
4. QODOB = ARTICLE/NASS<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
Seid Abdillahi Abdihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06636086847076821915noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6136945000136340612.post-36146154482497931382011-12-11T19:20:00.000-08:002018-06-24T17:15:31.090-07:00Hilaad-tus = Calendar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
HILAAD-TUS-ka = The Calendar<br />
Isweydiimo badan baa jira oo ku tooman bulshada Soomaalida, kuwaasoo isweydiinaya in bulshadani lahayd hilaad-tus, ay ku tubaabtami jireen. Dadyowgii odorasay ee waxdhigashooyinka Soomaalida faabiyay waxa ay qireen, in dadkani lahaayeen maalmo tirsiimo, iyo bilo tirsiimo, iyo gu’tirsiimo. Maalmuhu waa ay u kala asteysnaayeen, biluhuna sidoo kale waa ay u kala astaysnaayeen, gu’yaalkuna sidoo kale waa ay u kala astaysnaayeen. Waxa se aanay tira-tusmaynin hilaad-tus sii kordha tirsiga gu’ba gu’ga xiga, kaasoo ahaan lahaa hilaad-tus muuqda.<br />
Aqoomihii Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah, xiddigiska(<b>Astrology</b>-ga)- Maaha ASTRONOMY oo ka dhigan <b>XIDDIKASYI-ga</b>. Labadaas aqoomeed waa aynu kala aqaynaynaa, sida ay u kala jiraan. Xiddikasyi-gu waa barashada malluubaha(<b>Malluub</b>-ta=THE OBJECT) koraysyeed ee cirka ka muuqda. Kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin –Qorraxda, Dayaxa, Meereyaasha, iyo Xiddigaha. Xiddiguhu waa malluubo, cirka ka muuqda malluub ahaan-na waa qorraxyo fog-fog, oo lakaagyo gu’ileys/Shimil-ileys(Lightyear) inoo jira. (GU’ILEYS/SHIMIL-ILEYS/LIGHTYEAR= Fogaadda uu ileys socdaali-lahaa gu’ ama sanad.)Fogaantaas oo keenaysa inaynaan u dhuganin ahaantooda ay yihiin qorraxyo fogfog, balse ay inoogu muuqdaan malluubo bidhaamaya. Dayaxu waa malluub ka ileys qaadata qorraxda oo iftiime ahaan inoogu muuqda. Meere waa malluub ku meera qorraxda , dhulku-na waa sidaas oo kale waa meere ku dul-meera qorraxda. Dhugashada meerayaashu waa kuwa ifaa-baqtiya marka la eegayo habeenkii, halka xiddiguhu ifaa-muuqdaan oo aanay wac-demlaynin. Marka aynu dhulka joogno ee aynu wax ku dhuganayno isheena arradan, dayax keliya ayaa inoo muuqda kaasoo ah, kan aynu ka tirsano bisha tirada ay marayso kolba. Haseyeeshee , haddii aalado la kaashado waxa meereyaasha kaleeto ay leeyihiin malluubo ka dhigan dayaxyo laga arko, waa marka aalad la kaashanayo.<br />
Marka aynu warinayno Xiddikasyiga –DAYAXU waxa uu ku dul-meeraa DHULKA, dhulkuna waxa uu ku dul-meeraa QORRAXDA.<br />
<br />
Dunida maanta waxaa ka hilaad-tus ah, laba hilaad-tus oo midkood laga soo tirsi-bilaabay dhalashadii Nebi-Ciiseh(c.s.) – Oo ku socota qorraxtirsiimada, 12-kii biloodba mar (Shimil-ku)gu’gu u yahay mid cusub. Tan kale waa Hijradtirsiimadii Nebi-Muxamed (s.c.s.)- oo ku socota dayaxtirsiimada, halkaasoo 12-kii biloodba dib u soo bilaabanta (Shimil)gu’ cusub. Labadaas hilaad-tus ayaa la kala hilaadsadaa – 1- Hilaad-tuska MIILAADIGA –iyo 2. Hilaad-tuska HIJRIYADDA. Soomaalidu waxa ay tirsadaan Hilaadtuska HIJRIYADDA, oo ay la haystaan dadyowga kale ee Muslimiinta ah. Geesta kalana waa ay la tirsadaan , tan MIILAADIGA ah, dadyowga kale ee taas tirsada, iyadoo la qoro, sida ay kolba iskugu beegmayaan miltiyadoodu(DATES-ku).<br />
Tusaale:- Maanta maalintu waa MALLABO(Ithniin), <b>miltigu</b>-na(DATE) waa 12, bishii (Decembar)oo ah tii 12-aad ee hilaad-tuska MIILAADIGA oo maraya 2011-gu’yood. Halka ay HIJRIYADDU-na marayso 17-kii MUXARAM 1433-gu’yood. Hilaad-tuska Soomaaligu na waxa uu ku tilmaamaa bisha MUXARAM oo ay ugu magacaaban tahay 17-kii bisha DAGO.<br />
Magacyada bilaha HIJRIYADDA ee Carabiga ah, iyo magacyada Soomaaliga ah –sidatan ayay u gudboon yihiin:<br />
<b><u>Hilaad-tuska Dayax Ee Soomaalida: <i>SOMALI LUNAR CALENDAR</i>:</u></b><br />
<b>1- <i>MUXARRAM</i> = DAGO</b><br />
<b>2- <i>SAFAR</i> = DHURRO-HORE</b><br />
<b>3- <i>RABIICAL-AWAL</i> = DHURRO-DANBE</b><br />
<b>4- <i>RABIICAL-THAANI</i> = RAJAL-HORE</b><br />
<b>5- <i>JAMAADUL-AWAL</i> = RAJAL-DHEXE</b><br />
<b>6- <i>JAMAADUL-THAANI</i> = RAJAL-DANBE</b><br />
<b>7- <i>RAJAB</i> = SABBUUX</b><br />
<b>8- <i>SHACBAAN</i> = WAABERRIIS</b><br />
<b>9- <i>RAMADAAN </i>= SOON</b><br />
<b>10- <i>SHAWAAL</i> = SOONFUR</b><br />
<b>11- <i>DUL-QQACDAH</i> = SIDATAAL</b><br />
<b>12- <i>DUL-XIJJAH</i> = CARAFO</b><br />
Waxaan sidaas ka soo xigtay kobgalsheedka www.REDSEA- ONLINE.COM<br />
Soomaalidu magacyo uma ay yeelanin maalmaha, waxa se jira magacbixinno kale oo kala duwan oo<br />
la kala yeedhsado.<br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>
<b><u>HILAAD-TUSKA QORRAXEED EE SOOMAALIDA: SOMALI SOLAR CALENDAR:</u></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><u>Bilaha Xilliga Gu'ga = <i>Months Of Spring Season:</i></u></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>1. SEERMAWEYDO = <i>APRIL</i></b><br />
<b>2. DIRIRCAWLEED = <i>MAY</i></b><br />
<b>3. DIRIRSAKAARO = <i>JUNE</i></b><br />
<br />
<b><u>Bilaha Xilliga Xagaa'ga = <i>Months Of Summer Season:</i></u></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>4. SAMALAHO = <i>JULY</i></b><br />
<b>5. WARANWEER = <i>AUGUST</i></b><br />
<b>6. KARAN = <i>SEPTEMBER</i> </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><u>Bilaha Xilliga Dayrta = <i>Months Of Autumn Season</i>:</u></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>7. DANBARSAME = <i>OCTOBER</i></b><br />
<b>8. DAYR-HALALOOD = <i>NOVEMBER</i> </b><br />
<b>9. DAYR-GUDBAN = <i>DECEMBER</i></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><u>Bilaha Xilliga Jiilaalka = <i>Months Of Winter Season:</i></u></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>10. TODOB = <i>JANUARY</i></b><br />
<b>11. XAYS = <i>FEBRUARY</i></b><br />
<b>12. DIRAAC = <i>MARCH</i></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<u><b>Magacyada Maalmaha Todobaadka Oo Ka Gudbandhigan Micnaha Carabiga: <i>Names Of The Week-days In Somali Language</i>:</b></u><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>1. <i>AXAD</i> = MALKOW ,</b><br />
<b>2. <i>ITHNIIN</i> = MALLABO ,</b><br />
<b>3. <i>THULATHAA</i> = MALSED,</b><br />
<b>4. <i>ARBACAA</i> = MALAFAR,</b><br />
<b>5. <i>KHAMIIS</i> = MALSHAN,</b><br />
<b>6. <i>JUMCAH</i> = MALKULAN ,</b><br />
<b>7. <i>SABTI</i> = MALTOD.</b></div>
Seid Abdillahi Abdihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06636086847076821915noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6136945000136340612.post-60209920693067599452010-04-15T23:38:00.000-07:002018-12-06T20:05:03.175-08:00Curis Sare:GALSHO (Essay:INTERNET)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
GALSHO:<br />
Waa maxay galsho? Goormay soo baxday? Ayaa soo saaray? Isweydiimahaas oo dhan, waxa laga bixin karaa wabmooyin waafiya. Marka aad aado, daas-galsho(<em><strong>Internet Cafe</strong></em>) laga galo, sida haatan badan ee magaalo walba ka jirta, taasoo dad badan ka adeegsadaan, iyagoo ka tarhelaya mintamooyinka galshadu u leedahay. Haddii ay taasu dhacdo oo aad soo joogsato daaskaas galshada laga galo – waxa aad ogaanaysaa galshada iyo waxtarkeeda, adigoo waliba ogaanaya in sida aad u joogto goobtaas uu qof kale oo kula mid ahi isna u joogo daas-galsho uu kuu jira lakaag(<strong>M<em>illion</em></strong>) waar(<em><strong>Meter</strong></em>). Haddaba haddii aad sii hadashada isku weydiiso waxa ay galshadu tahay, iyo sida ay u suurtagal tahay. Galshadu waa farsamaati(<em><strong>Technology</strong></em>) aad u sareeya, oo si mahwiya(<em><strong>Public</strong></em>) u soo shaacbaxay 90-meeyadii. Waxa se uu soo jiray farsamaatigaasi ilaa 70-meeyadii, iyadoo uu ku koobnaa goobo dad tirsan u gaarra.<br />
Galshadu waa falkane(<strong><em>Network</em></strong>) isku xidhiidhiya lakuug dad-ah, oo kala jooga goobo lakaagyo waar isu kala jira. Farsamaatigan, haddii aynu ka warano, waxa aan ku tusaalaynayaa, farsamaatiga kooska ka soo jiray, ee codka la isugu tebin jiray, kaasoo ahaa qalabka dhawaqtaarka(<em><strong>The Telephone</strong></em>). Qalabkaasu sidiisii hore wuxuu ahaa taarar siligyo ah oo isku xidhiidhsan, iyagoo isugu iman jiray xarunta-dhawaqtaarrada(<strong><em>Telephone Exchange</em></strong>) iyadu marba labada dhawaqtaar ee xidhiidhaya isugu xidhi jirtay taarka. Marka aynu qalabkaas ka waramayno weli waa ay jirtaa xarunta ay isugu yimaadaan dhawaqtaarrada siligeed(<em><strong>Land-line Telephones</strong></em>). Si farsamaatigaas ku saameelan ayaa, waxa la hindisay in goobtii qalab dhawaqtaar yiilay,in la dhigo qalabka tubsheelka(<strong><em>The Computer</em></strong>) ah, oo qof kalana isagoo goob kale jooga, tubsheelkiisu isna ku taarnaado ka kale, oo ay xaruntu xidhiidhiso. Qalabka tubsheelku waa qalab ku samaysan farsamaatiga Jacnabaatiga(<em><strong>Electronic</strong></em>), waa qalab jacnabaatiya, waana qalabka suurtageliya jiritaanka galshada, maanta ku baahsanaatay koosweynaha.<br />
Qalabka jacnabaatiga waxa tabarta uu ku shaqeeyo siiya jacroorka(<em><strong>Electericity</strong></em>), oo ah tamar jacrooreed(<strong><em>Electeric Energy</em></strong>). Sida xeerka tamartu dhigayo, tamar lama abuuri karo, lamina baa’biin karo –Balse waa la gedgedin karaa. Waxa jira hinjiin jacroor dhaliye ah(<strong><em>Electeric Generator</em></strong>), kaasoo shidaal ku jira oo ahaa tamar keydsan(<em><strong>Potential Energy</strong></em>) u gediya jacroor. Waxa ka soo jiidan hinjiinka jacroor dhaliyaha ah, silig kaasoo jacroorku soo dhexqaado, waxa siligaasu uu soo galaa guryaheena, waxa lagu xidhaa nal, kaasoo laga daaro ama laga demiyo qadh(<strong><em>Switch</em></strong>), intaas siliggu isku xidhiidhsho waxa lagu magacaabaa mareeg(<strong><em>Circuit</em></strong>). Qadh waa halka laga maamulo ama xakeemeeyo mareegta naleed. Haddaba waxa laga horumaray farsamaatiga, oo waxa la hindisay mareeg ebyoon(<em><strong>Integrated Circuit</strong></em>), oo ah daab yan(<strong><em>Micro Device</em></strong>) oo farta aad ku qaadi karto. Waxa horumarka farsamaatigu gaadhay, in daabab yanyan oo mareegta ebyoon ka mid tahay, la isku rarkabo oo laga sameeyo qalabkaas aynu ku magacaabnay tubsheelka. Jacroorka soo dhexqaadaya siligga galaya tubsheelka ayaa dhexmuquurta daababkaas yanyan ee tubsheelku ka samaysan yahay. Farsamada uu ku shaqeeyo tubsheelkuna waa iyadoo daababkaas sida dhafka-adag(<strong>Sophisticated</strong>/<em><strong>Complex</strong></em>) iskugu rarkaban marna la deminayo marna la daarayo, oo ah iyadoo mar jacroorka laga jarayo, marna jacroorka loo soo daynayo, si uu qalabkaas jacnabeed ee tubsheelku u qabto hawlaha loo hindisay.<br />
Tubsheelku waa suurtageliyaha galshada sidaynu soo xusnay. Beryihii hore tubsheelku waxa uu tebin jiray qoraalka tibxaha oo keliya, haatan waxa uu tubsheelku tebiyaa qoraalka tibxaha, codka, iyo muuqaalka, oo uu si nooliya qofka kale ee isna ku taaran galshadu tubsheelkiisa ka guddooman karo. Xarunta Dhawaqtaarrada ee siligyada dhawaqtaarradu iskugu yimaadaan waxa yaala qalab jacnabaatiya oo lagu magacaabo adeegtare(<em><strong>Server</strong></em>), waa qalabka keydiya xogta ay galsho adeegsadayaashu ku keydsadaan. Adeegsadeyaasha galshadu waxa ay samaystaan qandi(<em><strong>Account</strong></em>) summad gaarra u leh qof walba, taasoo ah tibxo sida qof magaciisa, halkaasoo ay isugu diraan dhanbaal jacnabaatiya(<em><strong>Electronic Mail</strong></em>), oo marka la soo sargaabsho la dhaho <b>dhanjac</b>(<strong><em>Email</em></strong>). Waxa kaloo adeegsadayaasha galshadu samaystaan goobgalsheedyo(<em><strong>Websites</strong></em>) ay ku soo wadhi karaan maqaalo tibxa-qoran, codad ku kaydin karaan laga dhegaysan karo, ama muuqaalo laga daawan karo.<br />
Horumarka farsamaatigu wuu sii socday, oo waxa soo baxay dhawaqtaarro siligla’(<strong><em>Wireless Telephones</em></strong>), halka kuwii hore rug uun ay yaaleen. Dhawaqtaarradaas waxa la dhahaa dhawaqtaar meergal-ah(<strong><em>Mobile Telephone</em></strong>), ama meergal(<em><strong>Mobile</strong></em>). Sida aynu soo xusnay galshadu waxa ay adeegsatay siligyadii loo adeegsan jiray dhawaqtaarrada ee isku falkanaa, falkanaha galshaduna waxa uu ugu horayntii dhigay tubsheel halkii dhawaqtaar siligeed yiil. Haatan, dhawaqtaarrada meergalka ahi, waxa ay tebintooda ku sii daayaan hawada, halkaasoo xarunta dhawaqtaarradu ka guddoomato hawada tebintii, oo ay ku xidhiidhiso dhawaqtaarka kale ee isna wada-xidhiidhku ka dhexeeyo. Taas waxa xigay galsho meergal ah(<em><strong>Mobile Internet</strong></em>). Waxa qofku uu maanta haysan karaa tubsheel dhabsaar ah(<strong><em>Laptop Computer</em></strong>), oo lagu rarkabayo dhawaqtaar meergal ah, oo tebinta hawada ugu sii daynaya taniyo inta xaruntu guddoomanayso ee ay adeegsade kale ku xidhiidhinayso, oo isna hadduu doono miyigaba iska jooga.<br />
Galshada maantu waxay ka dhigan tahay keyse(<em><strong>Resource</strong></em>) uu qofku ka heli karo, warar,xog, aqoon, kasmo, haasaawe,madadaalo iyo wax kastoo maankaaga ku soo dhaca. Galshada maantu waa koos dhan.<br />
<br />
TIRAABO -(TERMS)-Tilmaameed<br />
<br />
<b><i>ELECTRON</i></b> = JACNAB<br />
<b><i>PROTON</i></b> = LIDJAC<br />
<b><i>NEUTRON</i></b> = BAYOOX<br />
<b><i>Electric</i></b> = Jacrooreed<br />
<b><i>Electricity</i></b> = Jacroor<br />
<b><i>Electronic</i></b> = Jacnabaati<br />
<b><i>Neutral</i></b> = Bayoox<br />
<b><i>Neutralize</i></b> = Bayooxayn<br />
<b><i>Neutralized</i></b> = Bayooxan<br />
<b><i>Transparency</i></b> = Bayaxnaan<br />
<b><i>Transparent</i></b> = Bayax<br />
<b><i>ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING</i></b> = Waxhindis Jacrooreed<br />
<b><i>ELECTRICAL ENGINEER</i></b> = Hindisle Jacroor<br />
<b><i>ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING</i></b> = Waxhindis Jacnabaati<br />
<b><i>ELECTRONIC ENGINEER</i></b> = Hindisle Jacnabaati<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Lakaag</span> = Million<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Lakiig</span> = Billion<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Lakuug</span> = Trillion</div>
Seid Abdillahi Abdihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06636086847076821915noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6136945000136340612.post-83619974464910211302008-10-01T19:17:00.001-07:002016-04-28T12:38:11.969-07:00ABLA-ABLEYNTA AFKA(Classification)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Si aynu uga jawaabo bixino, isweydiimihii hore ee ku saabsanaa af-haaneedka Soomaaliga, bal aynu soo bandhigno abla-ableyntiisa afka, oo ah siyaabihiisa kala duwan ee jiri kara.<br />
Afku wuxuu u kala baxayaa laba <span style="font-weight: bold;">FOOC</span>.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. HADAL(Discourse)</span>: Waa afka lagu wada hadlo, ee aan taawo iyo tab adag toona loo cuskanin dhabadsigiisa. Wuxuu isaguba kala leeyahay, jaadad sida hoos ku xusan.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. HAWRAARTAN(Propositional): </span><span style="font-size: 0;">Waa afka lagu sheegto wax mudnaan loo yeelayo, ee laga malko koraysiinayo hadalka yaalaaba la maqlo. </span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">1.HADLANAHA</span>:<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1.1- Laqbe(Dialect):</span> Waa dooqaab(<i><b>Variety Of Language</b></i>) ka jira degel walba oo beeli ku dhaqan tahay, taasoo ah kala gedisnaan xaga ereyada, oo laqbeyaashu ku kala gedisan yihiin. In kastoo haddana ay badan yihiin, ereyada ay ka siman yihiin laqbeyaashu, maxaayeelay af qudha ayay tirsan yihiin, taasuna waa mid ka muuqanaysa wadaaga ay ereyo wadaagayaan. Kala duwanaanshaha laqbeyaasha waxa la dareemaa, marka la is barbar dhigo, tusaale: - <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Xaad rabtaa?</span> </span>iyo <span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Maxaad doonaysaa?</span>, waa laba odhaahood oo isku macne ah, waxay se kala yihiin laba laqbe oo af-Soomaali ah, oo ka kala jira laba degel. Marar kale laqbeyaashu waxay ku kala gedisnaadaan xaga <span style="font-weight: bold;">JAWAQA</span>(The accent). Sida: -<span style="font-style: italic;">BADHEEDH </span>iyo <span style="font-style: italic;">BAREER</span>.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1.2- Meerane(Colloquial):</span> Waa dooqaab hadaleed ee isagu aan degel keliya ku ekayn. Waxa uu ka dhex samaysmay is-dhex-galka bulshada iyo hadal wadaagooda. Waxa kale oo dooqaabkan lagu magacaabi karaa AF-MAALMEED. Waxa af-dhabtuhu uu adeegsadaa erey walba oo jira, laqbaha uu doono ha ka soo jeedee, si uu ugu haasaawo ama ugu sheekeeyo ama ugu hadlo. Looma kala fiirsado ereyadiisa meeranaha inay yihiin, kuwo qalaad, iyo inay yihiin kuwo sixin, waxa meeranaha laga eegaa uun in lagu kala warqaadan karo, ujeeddadaas ayuu u samaysmaa meeranuhu. Dooqaabada afka, waxa ugu balaadhan meeranaha, waa-na dooqaabka loogu adeegsiga badan yahay. Boqolkiiba sideetan (80%)- Meeranaha ayaa la adeegsadaa marka la is barbardhigo dooqaabyada afku leeyahay. MEERANAHA aan tusaalayaal ka bixiyo,sida uu uga duwan yahay, af-haaneedka aynu u gol-leenahay. Marka ay MEERANE tahay, waxa uu qof dhahaa "<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Usbuucii hore ayaan xafiiskiisa aaday</span>" ,mid kale wuxuu dhahaa "<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Wiigii hore ayaan xafiiskiisa tagay</span>", mid kale wuxuu dhahaa "<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Sitimaankii hore ayaan </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">xafiiskiisa aaday</span>", Halkan waxaad ku arkaysaa siyaabo dhacdogal ah, oo la adeegsaday seddex erey oo kala af ah,oo isku macne ah: USBUUC,WIIG,iyo SITIMAAN. Waa-na seddex erey oo af-Soomaaliga meeranihiisa ku jira.Balse marka af-haaneedka la tiigsanayo waxa la dhahayaa <span style="font-weight: bold;">"TODOBAADKII</span> hore ayaan xafiiskiisa aaday". Haddaba MEERANUHU waxa uu ka yara habboonaan hooseeyaa AF-HAANEEDKA.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">1.3- Guraab(Slang):</span> Waa dooqaab aan baahsanayn oo ay wada yeeshaan xayn bulshada ka mid ahi, iyagoo ereyada , u jabaq-dhabanaya si sarbeebeed, ama si ka maldahan dadka intiisa kale. Waxa kale oo lagu magacaabaa AF-SUUQDI. Facii walba waxa oogma Af-guraabeed cusub, kaasoo intaas soo wada kacaantay isla garan karaan. Tusaalayaal haatan jira. Koox dhalinyaro ah oo isu sheegaya qofkii hebel inuu waashay -waxay dheheen "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Hebel dhiishkaa(The Dish) dhaqaaqay</span>.",qaar kaloo qof isku buuqay ka hadlaya,waxay dheheen "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Kii hebel ahaa baan arkoo dabaylaha qoraya</span>.": Waa siyaabahaas sarbeebta u badan guraabku, ee aanuu macne dhaadan karin qofka xayntaas isla taqaan ka baxsan.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1.4-Intiraab(Jargon):</span> Waa dooqaab kale, oo ku dhisnaada tiraabgan(Terminology) ay isla yaqaanaan wadar ama rabac isku hawl ah, ama isku shaqo ah,kuwaasoo ereyadii shaqadooda afsi u gaara ka samaystay,oo kolay ka macne daahnaanaya bulshada guud. Waxa uu si ahaan la sansaan yahay guraabka,oo aynu soo xiganay dooqaabka uu yahay.<br />
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FOOCA LABAAD EE AFKA:<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.HAWRAARTAN(Propositional)<br /><br />Waxa jira laba qaab oo QORNAANLUHU (THE LITERATURE) leeyahay,mid waa <span style="color: #33cc00;">Soobaan</span> midna waa <span style="color: #003300;">Suugaan</span>.<br /><br />2.1- SOOBAAN (PROSAIC)</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSEIDA%7E1.ABD%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSEIDA%7E1.ABD%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSEIDA%7E1.ABD%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing {mso-style-priority:1; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} </style> --><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 100%;">Soobaanta waxa loo qabatimay ku falanqaynta halrumeeddada iyo wararka kala saabsanaha duwan. Soobaantu waxay u soo daabaxidhan tahay qaab daysan oo wax loo qoro. Kolkaa waxa loo adeegsan karaa, ku qorista buugaagta, wargeysyada, biiralayaasha(<i><b>Magazines</b></i>), xogwaannada(<i><b>Encyclopedias</b></i>), warbaahinta kale, Filimada,Xaashiyaha, Fadaljeerka(<i><b>History</b></i>), Murtimeerka (<i><b>Philosophy</b></i>) , Qormonololeedka (<i><b>Biography</b></i>), iyo qaababka kale oo wargudashadu(<i><b>Communication</b></i>) leedahay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Soobaantu waxay u kala sii baxaysaa ama ay leedahay <span style="font-weight: bold;">HALKARO</span>(features) kala duwan. Waa adeegsiga afka ee ku xulnaaday qoritaanka. Guud ahaan, afka Soobaantu -<span style="font-weight: bold;">Waa afka HABBOON</span> (<i><b>The Formal Language</b></i>): Waa afka RASMIGA AH(<i><b>The Official Language</b></i>): <span style="font-weight: bold;">Waa afka HAANEEDKA AH</span>(<i><b>The Standard Language</b></i>): <span style="font-weight: bold;">Waa afka GOSHIYEED</span> (<i><b>The Academic Language</b></i>). Aqoonta afku waxay ku iman kartaa, barasho dadban, oo uu qofku ka barto bulshadiisa, iyo barasho dugsiyeed ama goshiyeed(ACADEMIC STUDY). SOOBAAN: Waa tiraab, waa na ereybixin, daboolaysa hawraartanka afka ee aan isagu tixoodtanka ahayn. Tusaale:- Af-Soomaaliga wax lagu barto haatan, maaha af-maalmeed ku adeegsama bulshada hadalkeeda maalmeed. Waa af ka mudnaan sareeya, laqbeyaasha iyo meeranaha-ba, sidaas darteed qaab afeedkan waxa aan ku magacaabay SOOBAAN, waxaanuu hoos-imanayaa HAWRAARTAN-ka. Si ahaan, waa <span style="font-weight: bold;">af-haaneedka</span> aynu u gol-leenahay. Marka Soomaali kastaa uu haaneediyo afkiisa, ee uu ku soo qoraaltamo af ka mudnaan sareeya, ka uu laqbe ahaan u lahaa, ama meerane ahaan soo arkay, waxa sugnaanaya <span style="font-weight: bold;">af-haaneed</span>.<br />
Intaba waxaad ka hubsan doontaa marka aad ka bogato halkarada soobaanta iyo sida uu u dirgado hawraartamuhu, ee uu dhamaan dooqaabyada ama afjaadadka jira uu uga soo midho-xulanayo si uu u sugo halkar ka mida, halkarada la dirgado ee afka Soobaaneed.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.1- Xaanshi-qorista(Letter Writing):</span> Waa halkarka ugu horeeya Soobaanta. Waxa la qoraa, xaanshiyo kala duwan, sida: -Xaanshi gacal isu dirayo, xaanshi codsiya. Waxa kale oo la qoraa xaanshiyo xafiiseed, oo loo adeegsado af ku tilmaaman RASMI.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.2- Codbaan/Qudbad(Speech):</span> Waa tiraabo loo jeediyo dad ama bulsho dhegaysi u joogta.Qofka Qudbadda ama Codbaanta aad u yaqaan waxa lagu magacaabaa CODKAR. Muddadii af-Soomaaligu qoraalgalay, ee 70-dii, waxa dalkii Soomaaliya, laga qaatay mabda'ii lagu magacaabi jiray HANTIWADAAGGA, kaasoo keenay in xarumo badan laga sameeyo degmooyinka magaala kasta, iyo degmooyinka dalkaba. Waxa aad loo bartay CODBAAN-ta Soomaaliga, oo aad u hirgashay. Dhan kale wacdiga dhaqanka marka aynu eegno, waxa maalin kasta oo Jimce ah, bulshada tukanaysa loo jeediyaa codbaan wacdiya, taasoo ku baxda afka Carabiga, balse lagu gudbadhigo af-Soomaali, markii la doono.<br />
Codbaan = Speech [Codbaan-ta - Codbaanno]<br />
Codbaani = Speech-Deliverer[e.g. Codbaaniga Masjidka]<br />
Codbayn = Speech-delivering [e.g. Codbayntii Madaxweynaha/Madaxwadaha/Waaxhayaha(<b><i>The Minister</i></b>/<i><b>Al-Waziir</b></i>)]<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.3- Curis (Composition):</span> Waa tiraabo la qoro, oo ujeeddo leh, ama dabuub leh, duluc leh, balse aan ku qasbanayn in loo sameeyo tibixqaar(QAAFIYAD), iyo qadan (METRE). Curisku wuu tirsamaa oo tidic tidic (line by line) ayaa loo eegaa oo loo qiimeeyaa. Ka dib waxa la eegaa tuducyadiisa(Its' paragraphs)-oo la qiimeeyaa. Tuducyadu waa tidicyadii dhowr ama dhowr iyo toban iyo ka sii badan ah, ee isku ujeeddo biya-dhigaya. Kuwaasoo qoraalka lagu kala muujiyo, waxa lagu bilaabaa tuduc kasta habqoraal gooniya.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.4-Curis-sare/Indeex (Essay):</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 0;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">Curiska sare, wuu ka tafa-dheer yahay, curis-horaadka aynu soo xusnay ee arday ama qof qoro. Waxa lagu dheehaa hilqad suugaaneed, oo ah garasho gaarra ama taawo gaarra oo lagu qurxinayo qoraalka.</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.5- Deexasho (Rhetoric):</span>Waxa aynu soo sheegnay CURIS-SARE, waa xog run ah, kama duwana curiska, balse wuu ka tafa-dheer yahay. Halkan haddaba, waxa aynu qeexaynaa, DEEXASHADA: Waa taawada ku jirta afka adeegsigiisa, siiba marka dadweyne loo waramayo ama wax loo qorayo, la rabo in lagu qanciyo, iyadoo la kaashanayo maangalyada(LOGIC). Deexluhu(<span style="font-weight: bold;">The Rhetor</span>) waa aftahan, oo waxa uu sitaa aftahamo uu ku tiraabi karo xogta uu maagan yahay sheegisteeda. Soomaalidu waxay dhahdaa qofka deexlaha ah "Wuu doob-dillaacsaday!".<br />
Tidicyadan ka mida, maansadan hoos ku qoran, waxa ay tusaale ka bixinaysaa, waxa deexashadu tahay - waa se, mid hab-suugaaneed u tiraaban.<br />
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<pre><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;">Wayska dagagar jiifee
Deexashuu la soo kacay.
Wuxu yidhi "degmadayada
Dugsi keliya baa jira
Diric keliya baa dhiga
Dersi baanu baranaa
Dulliga iyo beentiyo
Doqonniimo faankiyo
Qoqobkiyo dirsoociyo
Ducadiyo yaboohdiyo
Inta laga diqoodiyo
Dawersigu ka kow yahay
Digashadu u mudan tahay
Marka qalin daraalaha
Dilla sheega la cuskado
Intixaanka loo dego
Ka dul dhiga jawaabtiyo
Doorkiyo wax-garadkaa
Inta daadataa u badan"
[Hadraawi:Dibadyaal]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.6- Sheeko (Story): </span>Sheekadu waxay ku timaadaa hal-abuur, siiba marka ay tahay, sheeko halaasiya(FICTION). Marka kale, ee qoraalku yahay HAL-RUMEED(FACTUAL), waxa uu qoraa'gu muujiyaa aftahamadiisa, taasoo ah, mid uu u soo laylamay. Waxqorriinka sheekadu, waxa ay ku lug lahaataa, hal-abuur. Waxa jira daabab deexasheed oo lagu dhigo sheekada, kuwaasoo la dhaho "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Higillada Waxsheegga = Figures Of Speech</span>" Ama <b><i>AFMALDAHYO</i></b>. Higillo-da Afku: Waa hadallo tibaaxo ah oo ku caan-noqday wada-hadalka dadka dhexdiisa, ka dibna sidaas ku ahaaday tibaaxo taalleysan oo sida higil u muuqdo oo kale hadalka kale uga dhex muuqda.Higillada uu sheeka-curiyuhu adeegsadaa way badan yihiin, waxa se aan ka soo xiganaynaa kuwa ugu yaalaaban. <u>Ekeeye/Masasoor(<i><b>Simile</b></i>)</u>-<u>Shareere/Masasaar(<i><b>Metaphor</b></i>)</u>-<u>Sarbeeb(<i><b>Idiom</b></i>)</u>. <u>Buunbuunin(<i><b>Hyperbole</b></i>)</u>-<u>Yamxeero(<i><b>Sarcasm</b></i>)</u>-<u>Qofyasho(<i><b>Personification</b></i>)</u>. Silansugan(<b><i>Paradox</i></b>). Quusin/Kajan(<b><i>Irony</i></b>).<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.7- Dood (Argument):</span> Waxa uu dooduhu kolay, marka uu doodayo uu xushaa ereyba ereyga uu ka haboon yahay, ee uu doodiisa ku meelmarinayo. Dooddu waa ay gedo badan tahay, waxa jiri karta dood gareed, dood siyaasadeed, dood cilmiyeed, iwm. Waxa se aan halkarka kan u surmeeyay si loo aqoonsanaado inay tahay, waxyaabaha dhisa afka qofka.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.8- Maqaal (Article):</span>Wargeysyada iyo biiraaleyaasha(Magazines), labadaba waxa ku qoraalooba, maqaallo. Guud ahaanba, halkarada soobaanta, ayuu ku hantiyaa qoraa'gu heerarka is-xiga ee wax-qorista. Halkan waxa aan ku soo wada bandhigayaa, halkarada kale ee qoraa'gu hantiyo, marka uu yeesho tabaha iyo taawada wax qorista.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.9- Warbixin (Report):</span> Waxa ay ka mid tahay, halkarada qoraa'gu hantiyo. Waxa warbixin laga diyaariyaa arrin meel ka jirta, oo noqon karta saabsane(mawduuc )walba. Waa xog ka siin bulshada ama dadweynaha loo soo bandhigayo arrin jira.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.10- Faallo (Comment):Waa nuxur faahfaahin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.11- Intifaallo (Debate)</span>:Waa aragti hab loo dhiibto.Intifaallooyinku waxay sii faraara-badiyaan aragtiyada dadku kala qabaan, taasoo keenta aragtiyo lagu sii kala durki karo. Waxay liddi u tahay falanqaynta.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.12- Warfaallo (News-Commentary):Faahfaahinta Warka </span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.13- Baanise (Strong Argument):<br />2.1.14-Warbaan(Statement):</span>Waa xog-sheeg sugan, ama warsheeg sugan. [STATE = Warbaan]-[STATED=Warbaanay/Warbaanid = Stating]<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.15-Aragtiin (Theorem)</span>: Waa xog warin lagu tusmaynayo nuxur kasmeed oo la hubiyay.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.16-Falanqe (Discussion):</span>Falanqayntu maaha sida INTIFAALLADA, waxa si rumaad loogu qaadaa-dhigaa arrin jiri kara, waxaanay u badan tahay, inay saabsanaha faraara-tirto oo ay isku soo duubto aragtiyada la kala qabo, gororin iyo gundhigna loo yeesho.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.17-Faaqidaad (Critique):</span>Waxay gashaa, waxqoraal kasta oo bulshada dhex yimaada-Soobaan iyo Suugaan ba. Waa qiimeyn, axadhitaan(assessment), lafagurid, saafitaan, kolka danbe lagu dhaliilayo ama ammaanayo hawsha.-Dhiif iyo Dhood ba laga sheegi karo.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.18-Gorfayn (?)<br />2.1.19-Dihadhig(Thesis): </span>Waa xog-qoraal uu qoruhu ku soo bandhigayo gumarradii kasmo-baadhistiisa. Waxa soo diyaariya arday jaamacadeed, oo ugu seemanaada inuu ku qalijebiyo. Waxa uu ku gaar yahay THESIS-ku waa xog aan ardaygaas leh hortiis sida uu u yaal, loo soo dhigin, taas awgeed ayaa uu ugu magacaaban yahay DIHADHIG(Wax La Soo Dihday).<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.20-Taabadhig(Dissertation):</span>Waa xog-qoraal, uu soo diyaariyo arday ku doonaya inuu ku gaadho heerka ugu sareeya ee waxbarasho jaamacadeed laga gaadho.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.1.21-Xogjeedis(Lecture):</span> Waa xogo aqoomeed, xogo kasmeed oo la isu soo ururiyay ka dibna loo jeediyo bulsho arday ah,iyadoo si faahfaahsan loogu sii kala tiraabayo. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Xogjeedshe=Lecturer.</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />2.2- SUUGAAN(Literary Style)</span>Waa qeybta labaad, ee HAWRAARTAN-ka. Suugaantu waa qeyb soojireen ah, oo af-Soomaaliga ku soo jirtay, intii uu qoraalka yeeshay, iyo intii ka horaysay ee aanuu qornayn. Sida aynu soo sheegnay, waxa markii af-Soomaaligu qoraalka yeeshay la bah noqotay suugaanta, qeybta aynu ku tiraabnay SOOBAAN-ta. Suugaan waa magac lagu soo ogaa in la isku yidhaahdo MURTI-da iyo MAANSOOYIN-ka. Ereyga suugaan, waxa uu ka soo dhawaqrogmay <span style="font-weight: bold;">SUGNAAN</span>. Marka la sahan tago ayaa waxa meesha uu daaq wanaagsan ku sugan yahay, la dhihi jiray meeshaasu SUGNAAN bay leedahay, ka dibna ereygii waxa uu u dhawaq-rogtay "Meeshaasu suugaan bay leedahay!"<br />
Qeybaha SUUGAANTA: Marka aan tiraabayo, waxa aan soo xiganayaa, tidic ama <b>MEERIS</b>(<i><b>VERSE</b></i>) ka mida gabayga Hadraawi ee Gudgude: <span style="font-weight: bold;">[Shan god oo murtidu leedahay iyo gororka suugaanta!]</span>-<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.21- MURTI(Wise-Sayings)</span>: Waxa weeye tiraabo tibixqaaran, ama tibixqaarnayn oo la soo xigto. Murtidu waxay ka soo dhex ifbaxdaa qeybta kale ee suugaanta maansooyinka, marar kalana iskood ayaa tiraabaha murtida loo soo dihdaa.Waa tiraabo dhaxalgal ah, oo la soo xig-xigto kolba.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.21.1-Maahmaah(Proverb):</span>Waxaa xeer ah, in tiraabaha maahmaah magacaabani ay ahaadaan, kuwo af-Soomaali sixin ah(Pure Somali Words):Maxaayeelay, maahmaahdu waxay tahay tiraab xog-rumeed xusaysa.Tusaale:-Togba taagtii buu rogmadaa! Waa tiraab murtiyeed, oo si kasmeed na loo sudi karo,loo hubsan karo, runnimadeeda. Sixinnimada tiraabtu waxay sudaa, hubsiimo ka dhigtaa runnimadeeda. Waxa laga yaabaa, inaan sixinnimada ereygu qodob dhaable sii ahayn, waa suurtagal waxa se ,qodob dhaable ah, in la helo tiraab murtiyeed, oo xogteedu run tahay lana sudi karo. Astaanta kale ee maahmaahi leedahay waxay tahay TIBIXQAARNAANTA(Alliteration), oo qurxisa ama hilqad (Orniment/Literary Device) u ah, tiraabnaanteeda. Sidaas darteed waxa aan maahmaah ahayn "Wadar iyo waaxid yamaa waalan?!" oo waxa ku deelqaaf ah ereyga WAAXID, oo aan af-Soomaali ahayn. Waa ay badan yihiin tiraabaha maahmaah-la-moodka ahi(Pseudo-Proverbs). Waxa la soo badkeeni karaa TIRAAB meexaan leh(AESTHETIC)-Balse murtinimada tiraabtu waxa ay ku xidhan tahay, dhadhansiga, macneysiga iyo xog-dhaadhiga tiraabtaas. Meexaanku waa waxa quruxda u yeela tiraabta la odhaahsado, balse <span style="font-weight: bold;">hubso maaha waxa murtida u yeela!</span>. Astaanta kale ee maahmaahi leedahay, waa dheehgalnimada, oo ah tiraab, micnaheedii ay ku soo baxday ka sokow,loo soo xig-xigan karo goobo kale, oo ay u sarbeebnayd ama u laaban tahay.Sidaas darteed, ayaa ay sixinnimadu u tahay qodob ka mida qodobada lagu kala-miirto, murtinimada iyo sugnaanta tiraabta.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.21.2-Halhays(Adage):</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.21.3-Halqabsi(Parable):</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.21.4-Halkudheg(Slogan):</span>Halkudheg, badanka waxa yeesha ururo, kooxo ama rabac. Waxa tusaale halkudhegeed ahaan kara "Midnimo Iyo Horumar", "Guul Ama Geeri!". Si kale, waxa iyaguna halkudheg yeesha maansooyinka, sida heesta ama maanso kalaba. Maansada caanka ah, ee Hadraawi, ee Sirta Nolosha, waxa halkudheg u ah, "Heedhe Sahraay Heedhe!". Heesuhuna tiraabta ama odhaahda , dhegqabadka leh, ee ku jirta heesta ayaa halkudheg u ahaata.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.21.5-Halxidhaale(Puzzle):</span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.22-MAANSO(Lyric):</span> Waa hal-abuurka shuban ee suugaanta, waa tiraabo u soo yeedhma tidic tidic ama waa <span style="font-weight: bold;">MEERISYO</span>(<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">VERSES</span>) oo ah magaca ku habboon ee loo yaqaano tidic-maanseedka. [<i><b>Maanso waa meerisyo ka siman QAAFIYADDA iyo QADANKA</b></i>]. Tidicyadaasu na leeyihiin <span style="font-weight: bold;">qadan</span>, ah isu-dheelitirnaanta <span style="font-weight: bold;">dhawaabeed</span>(<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">The Syllable</span>). Waxa kale oo tidicyadaasu ka siman yihiin <span style="font-weight: bold;">tibixqaar(Alliteration/Qaafiyad)</span>, ah tibix laga wada helayo tidic kasta, marka laga reebo maansada BURAANBUR-ka oo iyadu leh mararka qaarkood tidicyo tibixqaarkoodu jaban yahay, waxa se tidicyada Buraanburku ay mar walba leeyihiin qadan aan jabnayn. <b>TUDUC</b> waa wadartii meerisyo ah ee isku ujeeddo biya-dhigaya. Heesaha waxa qaarkood ay dawliilan yihiin tuduc-tuduc- iyo meerisyo hooris u ah, qaarna waa heeso isu furan oo aan tuducaysnayn.<br />
Waxaynu soo tiraabnay: MEERISYO~TUDUCYO sidaas ku ahaada MAANSO.<br />
Maanso hidinteedu waxay raban tahay:<br />
DABUUB[Theme]:Laga maansoodo.<br />
DULUC[Contents]:Waxyaabo ay ka koobnaato.<br />
DAWLIIL[Structure]:Ay u dhisnaato.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.22.1-Gabay(Poem):</span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">Dabuubtiisa Gabay Waanigii Daayay Calow'e</span><br style="font-family: georgia;" /> <span style="font-family: "georgia";">Dahriga Iyo Beerkaan Ka Jaray Dihashadiisiiye</span><br style="font-family: georgia;" /> <span style="font-family: "georgia";">Waana Dhowr Diraacood Intaan Daaha U Rogaye</span><br style="font-family: georgia;" /> <span style="font-family: "georgia";">Hadba Anoo Ka Durkaa Wax I Danqaabaane!</span><br style="font-family: georgia;" /> [<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Hal TUDUC Oo Ku Jeedafan DABUUB-ta Gabay/Waa 5 MEERIS: Waxa Tiriyay DHEEG]</span><br /> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.22.2-Guurrow(Constituted Lyric):</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.22.3-Geeraar(Lament):</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.22.4-Buraanbur(Women's Poetry):</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.22.5-Hees(Song):</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.22.6-Heello(?):</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.22.7-Halaanhal(?):</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2.22.8-Shalaad(?):</span></div>
Seid Abdillahi Abdihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06636086847076821915noreply@blogger.com3